{"id":6132,"date":"2023-09-11T12:19:37","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T04:19:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=6132"},"modified":"2023-09-23T08:15:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-23T00:15:01","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff5c\u7b2c2\u7ae0 \u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6c34\u5e73 2.5\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"is-style-icon_pen\">\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65bc<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-03-color\">2023\u5e749\u670810\u65e5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-balloon\"><div class=\"c-balloon -bln-left\" data-col=\"blue\"><div class=\"c-balloon__icon -circle\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u771f\u4eba\u85dd\u7d20\u7167-tiny.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"c-balloon__iconImg\" width=\"80px\" height=\"80px\"><span class=\"c-balloon__iconName\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/div><div class=\"c-balloon__body -speaking -border-none\"><div class=\"c-balloon__text\">\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 <em><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-01-color\"><strong>Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" target=\"_blank\">\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<span class=\"c-balloon__shapes\"><span class=\"c-balloon__before\"><\/span><span class=\"c-balloon__after\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_grid\"><strong>\u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/2-5-organic-compounds-essential-to-human-functioning\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/2-5-organic-compounds-essential-to-human-functioning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&lt;2&gt; The Chemical Level of Organization &nbsp;\u2014 2.5&nbsp;Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning<\/a><br><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\">\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-capbox cap_box\" data-colset=\"col2\"><div class=\"cap_box_ttl\"><span>\u7ae0\u7bc0\u76ee\u6a19<\/span><\/div><div class=\"cap_box_content\">\n<p>\u5b78\u7fd2\u672c\u7ae0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u78ba\u5b9a\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56db\u7a2e\u6709\u6a5f\u5206\u5b50<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u89e3\u91cb\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u78b3\u5c0d\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u7684\u89aa\u548c\u529b\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u539f\u7406<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e09\u7a2e\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u5b9a\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56db\u7a2e\u8102\u8cea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8b58\u5225\u6838\u9178\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca DNA\u3001RNA \u548c ATP \u5728\u4eba\u985e\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u8207\u6c2b\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6c27\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u5408\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5718\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u904d\u5e03\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u571f\u58e4\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u3001\u5546\u696d\u7522\u54c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56db\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u662f<strong>\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014carbohydrates\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u8102\u8cea<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lipids\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014proteins\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u6838\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nucleic acids\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/span> \u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u9019\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u9996\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u78b3\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u7684\u5316\u5b78<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u78b3\u6838<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014carbon core\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\u3002 \u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u50f9\u6bbc\u5c64\u4e2d\u6709\u56db\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c<strong>\u516b\u4f4d\u7d44\u898f\u5247<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014octet rule\u3015<\/small>\u898f\u5b9a\u539f\u5b50\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u7528\u516b\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\u5c64\u3002 \u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6350\u8d08\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u56db\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u50f9\u6bbc\u5c64\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u901a\u904e\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u5171\u4eab\u96fb\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5f62\u6210\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u78b3\u9aa8\u67b6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014carbon skeleton\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u9577\u78b3\u93c8<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014long carbon chain\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u5b83\u5011\u78ba\u5be6\u5171\u4eab\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u5f7c\u6b64\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u96fb\u5b50\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u5171\u4eab\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u7e3d\u662f\u6c2b\u3002 \u78b3\u548c\u6c2b\u57fa\u5718\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u78b3\u6c2b\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydrocarbons\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5269\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5716\u5f62\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u5728\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5340\u57df\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e36\u6709\u78b3\u6c2b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u93c8\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a31\u591a\u7d44\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u586b\u88dc\u78b3\u7684\u56db\u500b\u201c\u7a7a\u7f3a<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014vacancies\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u3002 \u78b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5340\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\u6216\u6c2e\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u5171\u4eab\u96fb\u5b50\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u9375\u5408\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f<strong>\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014functional group\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa<\/strong>\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5f37\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u9023\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u7d44\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u55ae\u500b\u55ae\u5143\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span> \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\u8996\u70ba\u7dca\u5bc6\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u201c\u6d3e\u7cfb<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cliques\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u54e1\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u958b\u3002<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"> \u4e94\u500b\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\u5728\u4eba\u9ad4\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1b \u5b83\u5011\u662f<strong>\u7fa5\u57fa<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydroxyl group\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u7fa7\u57fa<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014carboxyl group\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u6c28\u57fa<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014amino group\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u7532\u57fa<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014methyl group\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u78f7\u9178\u57fa<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphate group\u3015<\/small><\/span>\uff08\u8868 2.1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.01-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6139\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.01-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.01-webp-768x576.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u88682.1<\/strong><br>\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u78b3\u5c0d\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u7684\u89aa\u548c\u529b\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e14\u76f8\u5c0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u5206\u5b50\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span> \u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014macromolecule\u3015<\/small>\uff08macro-=\u201c\u5927\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u7bc0\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u9019\u7a2e\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u55ae\u9ad4<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014monomer\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u55ae\u500b\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u591a\u500b\u201c\u526f\u672c<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014copies\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u7d44\u6210\uff08mono-=\u201c\u4e00\u500b\u201d\uff1b-mer=\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u201d\uff09\u3002 \u5c31\u50cf\u9577\u9805\u934a\u4e0a\u7684\u73e0\u5b50\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u55ae\u9ad4\u901a\u904e\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u9023\u63a5\u5f62\u6210\u9577\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff08poly-=\u201c\u8a31\u591a\u201d\uff09\u3002 \u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u55ae\u9ad4\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u55ae\u9ad4\u901a\u904e\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014dehydration synthesis\u3015<\/small>\u5f62\u6210\u805a\u5408\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u898b\u57162.14\uff09\u3002 \u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8a72\u53cd\u61c9\u5c0e\u81f4\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u91cb\u653e\u3002 \u6bcf\u7a2e\u55ae\u9ad4\u90fd\u8ca2\u737b\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u7d66\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d66\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7fa5\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydroxyl group\u3015<\/small>\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u805a\u5408\u7269\u901a\u904e\u6c34\u89e3<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydrolysis\u3015<\/small>\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u55ae\u9ad4<\/span>\uff08-lysis=\u201c\u7834\u88c2<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014rupture\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff09\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u7684\u55ae\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9375\u901a\u904e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u800c\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u7fa5\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6c34\u5408\u78b3<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydrated carbon\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u3002 \u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a5e\u6839 Hydro- \u8868\u793a\u6c34\u3002 \u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u662f\u7531\u78b3\u3001\u6c2b\u548c\u6c27\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff1b \u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c2b\u548c\u6c27\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8207\u6c34\u4e2d\u76842\uff1a1\u76f8\u540c\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u901a\u7528<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014generic\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5f0f\u662f (CH<sub>2<\/sub>O)<sub>n<\/sub> \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u91a3<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014saccharides\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u7cd6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014sugars\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u3002 \u4e09\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span> <strong>\u55ae\u91a3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014monosaccharides\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u55ae\u9ad4\u3002 <strong>\u4e8c\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014disaccharides\u3015<\/small>\uff08di-=\u201c\u5169\u500b\u201d\uff09\u7531\u5169\u500b\u55ae\u9ad4\u7d44\u6210\u3002 <strong>\u591a\u91a3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014polysaccharides\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u6578\u767e\u81f3\u6578\u5343\u500b\u55ae\u9ad4\u7d44\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u55ae\u91a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u55ae\u91a3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014monosaccharide\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u55ae\u9ad4\u3002 \u4e94\u7a2e\u55ae\u91a3\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u7a2e\u662f<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-01-color\">\u5df1\u7cd6<\/span><\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hexose sugars\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u547d\u540d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u542b\u6709\u516d\u500b\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u662f<strong>\u8461\u8404\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glucose\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u679c\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014fructose\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u534a\u4e73\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014galactose\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5982\u5716 2.18a \u6240\u793a\u3002 \u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u55ae\u91a3\u662f\u5169\u500b<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-01-color\">\u620a\u7cd6<\/span><\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014pentose sugars\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u4e94\u500b\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u662f<strong>\u6838\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014ribose\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u812b\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014deoxyribose\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5982\u57162.18b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.02-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6141\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.02-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.02-webp-768x575.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.18 \u4e94\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u55ae\u91a3<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u7cd6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014disaccharide\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u5c0d\u55ae\u91a3\u3002 \u4e8c\u7cd6\u662f\u901a\u904e\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014dehydration synthesis\u3015<\/small>\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u9023\u63a5\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u9375\u7a31\u70ba\u7cd6\u82f7\u9375<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glycosidic bond\u3015<\/small>\uff08glyco&#8211;=\u201c\u7cd6\u201d\uff09\u3002 \u4e09\u7a2e\u4e8c\u7cd6\uff08\u5982\u5716 2.19 \u6240\u793a\uff09\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u662f<strong>\u8517\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014sucrose\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7a31\u70ba\u98df\u7528\u7cd6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014table sugar\u3015<\/small>\uff1b <strong>\u4e73\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lactose\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u6216\u4e73\u7cd6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014milk sugar\u3015<\/small>\uff1b \u548c<strong>\u9ea5\u82bd\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014maltose\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u6216\u9ea5\u82bd\u7cd6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014malt sugar\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u5f9e\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u901a\u7528\u540d\u7a31\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u4f60\u5728\u98f2\u98df\u4e2d\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\uff1b \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u6d88\u5316\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u904e\u6c34\u89e3\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5176\u6210\u5206\u55ae\u91a3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"676\" height=\"901\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.03-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6142\" style=\"object-fit:cover\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.19 \u4e09\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8c\u7cd6 <\/strong><br>\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8c\u7cd6\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u904e\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u591a\u91a3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u591a\u91a3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014polysaccharides\u3015<\/small>\u53ef\u4ee5\u542b\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5230\u4e00\u5343\u500b\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u500b\u55ae\u91a3\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u500b\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u57162.20\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"is-style-index -list-under-dashed\">\n<li><strong>\u6fb1\u7c89<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014starches\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u4ee5\u7a31\u70ba\u76f4\u93c8\u6fb1\u7c89<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014amylose\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u9577\u934a\u6216\u200b\u200b\u7a31\u70ba\u652f\u93c8\u6fb1\u7c89<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014amylopectin\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u652f\u93c8\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u690d\u7269\u6027\u98df\u54c1\u4e2d\u4e26\u4e14\u76f8\u5c0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6d88\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u809d\u91a3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glycogen\u3015<\/small>\u4e5f\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u808c\u8089\u548c\u809d\u81df\u4e2d\u3002 \u5b83\u4e0d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u81b3\u98df\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c60\u5bb0\u5f8c\u52d5\u7269\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u6b98\u7559\u7684\u7cd6\u539f\u5f88\u5c11\uff1b \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u9ad4\u53c8\u5c07\u591a\u9918\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4ee5\u7cd6\u539f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u808c\u8089\u548c\u809d\u81df\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7e96\u7dad\u7d20<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cellulose\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u591a\u91a3\uff0c\u662f\u7da0\u8272\u690d\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u58c1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u690d\u7269\u6027\u98df\u7269\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u7e96\u7dad\u201d\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7e96\u7dad\u7d20\/\u7e96\u7dad<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cellulose\/fiber\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d88\u5316\u7684\uff1b \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81b3\u98df\u7e96\u7dad\u5c0d\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u8655\u3002 \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u611f\u5230\u98fd\u8db3\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\u98df\u91cf\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u6d88\u5316\u9053\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u9ad8\u7e96\u7dad\u98f2\u98df\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u60a3\u5fc3\u9ad2\u75c5\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.04-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6143\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.04-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.04-webp-768x431.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.20 \u4e09\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u591a\u91a3<\/strong><br>\u4e09\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u591a\u91a3\u662f\u6fb1\u7c89\u3001\u7cd6\u539f\u548c\u7e96\u7dad\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f9e\u690d\u7269\u6027\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u7372\u53d6\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u4e73\u88fd\u54c1\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4e73\u7cd6\uff0c\u4f46\u7a40\u7269\u3001\u6c34\u679c\u3001\u8c46\u985e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u852c\u83dc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u98f2\u98df\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u5927\u591a\u6578\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f5c\u70ba\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u5927\u8166\u3001\u810a\u9ad3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5468\u570d\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\uff08\u795e\u7d93\u5143\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4f5c\u70ba\u71c3\u6599\u3002 <\/span>\u5728\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u5206\u89e3\u70ba\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5373 ATP\u3002<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"> <strong>\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7\uff08ATP\uff09<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adenosine triphosphate\u3015<\/small>\u7531\u6838\u7cd6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014ribose suga\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u817a\u560c\u5464\u9e7c\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adenine base\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u4e09\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphate groups\u3015<\/small>\u7d44\u6210\u3002 <\/span>\u7576 ATP \u7684\u78f7\u9178\u9375<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphate bonds\u3015<\/small>\u65b7\u88c2\u6642\uff0cATP \u6703\u91cb\u653e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u6709\u6c27\u6c23 (O<sub>2<\/sub>) \u5b58\u5728\u6642\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6c27\u6c23\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684 ATP\u3002 \u5c07\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u5316\u70ba ATP \u4e2d\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7e3d\u53cd\u61c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center is-style-bg_grid\">C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6<\/sub>&nbsp;+&nbsp;6&nbsp;O<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;6&nbsp;CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+&nbsp;6&nbsp;H<sub>2<\/sub>O&nbsp;+&nbsp;ATP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4f5c\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u5916\uff0c\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u8207\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7d50\u5408\u7522\u751f\u7cd6\u86cb\u767d<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glycoproteins\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5247\u8207\u8102\u8cea\u7d50\u5408\u7522\u751f\u91a3\u8102 <small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glycolipids\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5305\u570d\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u5bb9\u7269\u7684\u819c<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014membrane\u3015<\/small>\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8102\u8cea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8102\u8cea<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lipid\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u78b3\u6c2b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u542b\u6709\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u65bc\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5916\u570d\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u7684\u975e\u6975\u6027\u78b3\u6c2b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u8102\u8cea\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u3002 \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u8102\u8cea\u4e0d\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u4e73\u6db2<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014emulsion\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014triglyceride\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u81b3\u98df\u8102\u8cea\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u542b\u91cf\u6700\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u985e\u578b\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u8102\u80aa\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5169\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5408\u6210\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff08\u5716 2.21\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u7518\u6cb9\u4e09\u916f\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7518\u6cb9\u9aa8\u67b6\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7d44\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e09\u500b\u8102\u80aa\u9178<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014fatty acids\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5373\u5169\u7aef\u5e36\u6709\u7fa7\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014carboxyl group\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u7532\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014methyl group\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u9577\u78b3\u6c2b\u93c8\uff0c\u5f9e\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u78b3\u4e0a\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1126\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.05-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6145\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.05-webp.webp 1126w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.05-webp-768x345.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1126px) 100vw, 1126px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.21 \u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f<\/strong> <br>\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u7531\u7518\u6cb9\u901a\u904e\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u8207\u4e09\u500b\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u9023\u63a5\u800c\u6210\u3002 \u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7518\u6cb9\u653e\u68c4\u4e00\u500b\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u4e0a\u7684\u7fa7\u57fa\u5404\u81ea\u653e\u68c4\u4e00\u500b\u7fa5\u57fa\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u904e\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u3002 \u7518\u6cb9\u5f9e\u6bcf\u500b\u9375\u4e0a\u7684\u7fa5\u57fa\u4e2d\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u93c8\u4e0a\u7684\u7fa7\u57fa\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u7fa5\u57fa\u3002 \u7e3d\u5171\u4e09\u500b\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7531\u6b64\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6cbf\u5176\u9577\u5ea6\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u96d9\u78b3\u9375\u4e26\u56e0\u6b64\u542b\u6709\u6700\u5927\u6578\u91cf\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u93c8\u7a31\u70ba<strong><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178<\/span><\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014saturated fatty acids\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u7b46\u76f4\u7684\u525b\u6027\u93c8\u7dca\u5bc6\u5730\u5806\u7a4d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u5728\u5ba4\u6eab\u4e0b\u5448\u56fa\u614b\u6216\u534a\u56fa\u614b<\/span>\uff08\u5716 2.22a\uff09\u3002 \u9ec3\u6cb9\u548c\u8c6c\u6cb9\u5c31\u662f\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u725b\u6392\u6216\u4f60\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u96d9\u78b3\u9375\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u5728\u8a72\u9375\u8655\u626d\u7d50\uff08\u5716 2.22b\uff09\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b<strong>\u55ae\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014monounsaturated fatty acids\u3015<\/small>\u7121\u6cd5\u7dca\u5bc6\u5730\u5806\u7a4d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5ba4\u6eab\u4e0b\u5448\u6db2\u614b\u3002 <strong>\u591a\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014polyunsaturated fatty acids\u3015<\/small>\u542b\u6709\u5169\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u96d9\u78b3\u9375\uff0c\u5728\u5ba4\u6eab\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u6db2\u9ad4\u3002 \u690d\u7269\u6cb9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6a44\u6b16\u6cb9\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u542b\u6709\u55ae\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u548c\u591a\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.06webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6146\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.06webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.06webp-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.22 \u8102\u80aa\u9178\u5f62\u72c0 <\/strong><br>\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7684\u98fd\u548c\u5ea6\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u5f62\u72c0\u3002 (a) \u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u934a\u662f\u76f4\u93c8\u3002 (b) \u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u93c8\u626d\u7d50\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u5bcc\u542b<strong>\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178<\/strong>\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u60a3\u5fc3\u9ad2\u75c5\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u5bcc\u542b<strong>\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178<\/strong>\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/span> \u5c0d\u65bc\u9bad\u9b5a\u7b49\u51b7\u6c34\u9b5a\u4e2d\u7684 omega-3 \u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u96d9\u78b3\u9375\u4f4d\u65bc\u7532\u57fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u78b3\u6c2b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8655\uff08\u7a31\u70ba\u5206\u5b50\u7684omega\u672b\u7aef\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u52a0\u5de5\u98df\u54c1<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u68d2\u72c0\u548c\u6876\u72c0\u4eba\u9020\u9ec3\u6cb9<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014stick and tub margarines\u3015<\/small>\uff09<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7684<strong>\u53cd\u5f0f\u8102\u80aa\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014trans fatty acids\u3015<\/small>\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bd4\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u5c0d\u5fc3\u81df\u548c\u8840\u7ba1\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/span> \u53cd\u5f0f\u8102\u80aa\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7389\u7c73\u6cb9\uff09\u7d93\u904e\u5316\u5b78\u8655\u7406\u7522\u751f\u90e8\u5206\u6c2b\u5316\u8102\u80aa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014partially hydrogenated fats\u3015<\/small>\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f<\/strong>\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u71c3\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u3002 <\/span>\u7576\u4f60\u4f11\u606f\u6216\u7761\u7720\u6642\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u7dad\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u81ea\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u8102\u80aa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014fat (adipose)\u3015<\/small>\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u3002 \u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u9577\u6642\u9593\u3001\u7de9\u6162\u7684\u9ad4\u529b\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5712\u85dd\u6216\u5f92\u6b65\u65c5\u884c\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u5287\u70c8\u7684\u9ad4\u529b\u6d3b\u52d5\u63d0\u4f9b\u9069\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u81b3\u98df\u8102\u80aa\u9084\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u975e\u6975\u6027\u8102\u6eb6\u6027\u7dad\u751f\u7d20A\u3001D\u3001E \u548cK \u7684\u5438\u6536\u548c\u904b\u8f38\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u8102\u80aa\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u548c\u7de9\u885d\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u9aa8\u9abc\u548c\u5167\u81df\uff0c\u4e26\u8d77\u5230\u9694\u71b1\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8eab\u9ad4\u71b1\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8102\u80aa\u9178<\/strong>\u4e5f\u662f\u91a3\u8102<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glycolipids\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u91a3\u8102\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u91a3\u8102\u80aa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002 <strong>\u8102\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lipoproteins\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u5305\u88dd\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5305\u819c\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u9ad4\u6db2\u4e2d\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78f7\u8102<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9867\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\uff0c<strong>\u78f7\u8102<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phospholipid\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u8102\u8cea\u7684\u7518\u6cb9\u6210\u5206\u548c\u78f7\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9375\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u78f7\u8102\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u78f7\u8102\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531<strong>\u4e8c\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014diglyceride\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u4e00\u7a2e\u50c5\u5177\u6709\u5169\u500b\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u93c8\u7684\u7518\u6cb9\uff09\u751f\u6210\uff08\u5716 2.23\uff09\u3002 \u7518\u6cb9\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u7d50\u5408\u4f4d\u9ede\u88ab<strong>\u78f7\u9178\u57fa<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphate group\u3015<\/small>\u4f54\u64da\uff0c\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u53c8\u9023\u63a5\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6975\u6027\u201c\u982d\u90e8\u201d\u5340\u57df\u3002 \u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u662f\u975e\u6975\u6027\u4e14\u758f\u6c34\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u78f7\u8102\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u7acb\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u78f7\u8102\u7684\u982d\u90e8\u5728\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u4e0a\u542b\u6709\u96fb\u8377\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u96fb\u8377\u4f7f\u78f7\u8102\u982d\u5177\u6709\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u78f7\u8102\u5177\u6709\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u5c3e\u90e8\uff08\u542b\u6709\u4e2d\u6027\u8102\u80aa\u9178\uff09\u548c\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\u982d\u90e8\uff08\u542b\u6709\u5e36\u96fb\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u548c\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"976\" height=\"1051\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.07-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6147\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.07-webp.webp 976w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.07-webp-768x827.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.23 \u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8102\u8cea<\/strong> <br>(a) \u78f7\u8102\u7531\u5169\u7a2e\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u3001\u7518\u6cb9\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u7d44\u6210\u3002 (b) \u56fa\u9187[Sterols]\u662f\u74b0\u72c0\u8102\u8cea\u3002 \u9019\u88e1\u986f\u793a\u7684\u662f\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\u3002 (c) \u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u3002 \u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20 E2 (PGE2) \u5305\u542b\u7fa5\u57fa\u548c\u7fa7\u57fa\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u985e\u56fa\u9187<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u985e\u56fa\u9187<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014steroid\u3015<\/small>\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff08\u7a31\u70ba\u56fa\u9187<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014sterol\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u4ee5\u4e00\u7d44\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u9375\u5408\u7684\u56db\u500b\u78b3\u6c2b\u74b0\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff08\u898b\u5716 2.23b\uff09\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u690d\u7269\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u90fd\u6703\u5408\u6210\u56fa\u9187\uff0c\u4f46<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u985e\u578b\u662f\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u809d\u81df\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5927\u591a\u6578\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u98df\u54c1\u4e2d\u3002<\/span> \u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u8102\u8cea\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u78b3\u6c2b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u6709\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u6975\u6027\u7fa5\u57fa\u982d\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\u662f<strong>\u81bd\u6c41\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014bile acids\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u81bd\u6c41\u9178\u662f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u4e73\u5316\u81b3\u98df\u8102\u80aa\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002 <\/span>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8a5e\u6839\u201cchole-\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u81bd\u6c41\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\u4e5f\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u91cb\u653e\u4fe1\u865f\u5206\u5b50\u4f86\u8abf\u7bc0\u9060\u8655\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8207\u78f7\u8102\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u548c\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\u5340\u57df\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8abf\u7bc0\u7269\u8cea\u9032\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8207\u6fc0\u7d20\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c<strong>\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014prostaglandin\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7d44\u4fe1\u865f\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20\u6e90\u81ea\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\uff08\u898b\u5716 2.23c\uff09\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u9b5a\u4e2d\u7684 omega-3 \u8102\u80aa\u9178\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u523a\u6fc0\u67d0\u4e9b\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8abf\u7bc0\u8840\u58d3\u548c\u708e\u75c7\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u60a3\u5fc3\u9ad2\u75c5\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002 \u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20\u9084\u80fd\u4f7f\u795e\u7d93\u5c0d\u75bc\u75db\u654f\u611f\u3002 \u4e00\u985e\u540d\u70ba\u975e\u985e\u56fa\u9187\u6d88\u708e\u85e5\u7269 (NSAID) \u7684\u6b62\u75db\u85e5\u7269\u901a\u904e\u6e1b\u5c11\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c07\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8207\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\u3002 <strong>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014protein\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7531\u901a\u904e\u80bd\u9375<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014peptide bonds\u3015<\/small>\u9023\u63a5\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u5206\u5b50\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5305\u62ec\u76ae\u819a\u8868\u76ae\u4e2d\u4fdd\u8b77\u76ae\u4e0b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u89d2\u86cb\u767d<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014keratin\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u76ae\u819a\u771f\u76ae\u3001\u9aa8\u9abc\u4ee5\u53ca\u8986\u84cb\u5927\u8166\u548c\u810a\u9ad3\u7684\u8166\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u81a0\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u3002 \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u9ad4\u8a31\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d88\u5316\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u5316\u9176\u3001\u6297\u9ad4\u3001\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7528\u4f86\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7d30\u80de\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u905e\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8abf\u7bc0\u67d0\u4e9b\u8eab\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u80bd\u985e\u6fc0\u7d20\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u9577\u6fc0\u7d20\uff09\u3002<\/span> \u96d6\u7136\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u548c\u8102\u8cea\u7531\u78b3\u6c2b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u548c\u6c27\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9664\u4e86\u78b3\u3001\u6c2b\u548c\u6c27\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u542b\u6709\u6c2e (N)\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a31\u591a\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9084\u542b\u6709\u786b (S)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5fae\u89c0\u7d50\u69cb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u662f\u7531\u7a31\u70ba\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u55ae\u9ad4\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u3002 <strong>\u6c28\u57fa\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014amino acids\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7531\u6c28\u57fa\u548c\u7fa7\u57fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u8b8a\u5074\u93c8\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u50c5\u50c5 20 \u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5c31\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6578\u5343\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002<\/span> \u8eab\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u542b\u6709\u9019 20 \u7a2e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u55ae\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5e7e\u5341\u5230\u5e7e\u767e\u500b\u7684\u7368\u7279\u7d44\u5408\u3002 \u6240\u6709 20 \u7a2e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u5716 2.24\uff09\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9375\u5408\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7269\u8cea\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u500b\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9e7c\u6027<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014alkaline (basic)\u3015<\/small>\u6c28\u57fa NH<sub>2<\/sub>\uff08\u898b\u88682.1\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9178\u6027\u7fa7\u57fa COOH\uff08\u898b\u88682.1\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8b8a\u91cf\u7d44<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.08-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6148\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.08-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.08-webp-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.24 \u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u7d50\u69cb<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6240\u6709<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u9178\uff08\u7fa7\u57fa\uff09\u548c\u9e7c\uff08\u6c28\u57fa\uff09<\/span>\uff08amine=\u201c\u542b\u6c2e<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nitrogen-containing\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff09\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u5011\u662f\u6975\u597d\u7684\u7de9\u885d\u5291\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u8eab\u9ad4\u8abf\u7bc0\u9178\u9e7c\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span> 20 \u7a2e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u53ef\u8b8a\u57fa\u5718<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014variable group\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u652f\u93c8<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014side chain\u3015<\/small>\u6216\u6b98\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014R-group\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u8a72\u57fa\u5718\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6975\u6027\u7684\u6216\u975e\u6975\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8ce6\u4e88\u6bcf\u7a2e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5176\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5169\u7a2e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff08\u534a\u80f1\u6c28\u9178<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cysteine\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u86cb\u6c28\u9178<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014methionine\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u7684\u652f\u93c8\u542b\u6709\u786b\u3002 \u786b\u4e0d\u6613\u53c3\u8207\u6c2b\u9375\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5247\u53c3\u8207\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u8b8a\u7570\u5f71\u97ff\u542b\u6709\u534a\u80f1\u6c28\u9178\u548c\u86cb\u6c28\u9178\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u7d44\u88dd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u901a\u904e\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u7d50\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff08\u5716 2.25\uff09\u3002 \u5c07\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u7368\u7279\u9375\u7a31\u70ba\u80bd\u9375\u3002 <strong>\u80bd\u9375<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014peptide bond\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u5169\u500b\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e4b\u9593\u901a\u904e\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u80bd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u93c8\u3002 \u542b\u6709\u5c11\u65bc\u7d04100\u500b\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u93c8\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u591a\u80bd<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014polypeptides\u3015<\/small>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.09-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6149\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.09-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.09-webp-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.25 \u80bd\u9375 <\/strong><br>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u901a\u904e\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u80bd\u3001\u591a\u80bd\u6216\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002 \u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9375\u662f\u80bd\u9375\uff0cR1\u548cR2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5074\u93c8\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u8eab\u9ad4\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u5206\u5408\u6210\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff1b \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5d\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u7121\u6cd5\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u901a\u904e\u98f2\u98df\u651d\u5165\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u5fc5\u9700\u6c28\u57fa\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014essential amino acids\u3015<\/small><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u69cb\u5efa\u7684\u6e38\u96e2\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u99d0\u7559\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u6c60<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014amino acid pool\u3015<\/small>\u4e2d\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u7d44\u88dd\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u6c60\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5fc5\u9700\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u5247\u542b\u6709\u8a72\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5408\u6210\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6e1b\u6162\u751a\u81f3\u505c\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5f62\u72c0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u53c9\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4f86\u559d\u6e6f\uff0c\u52fa\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4f86\u53c9\u8089\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u5c0d\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u7531\u69cb\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u5716 2.26a\uff09\u3002 \u8a72\u5e8f\u5217\u7a31\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u4e00\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.10-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6150\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.10-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.10-webp-768x576.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.26 \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5f62\u72c0<\/strong> (a) \u4e00\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u591a\u80bd\u93c8\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u3002 (b) \u4e8c\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u53d6\u03b1\u87ba\u65cb\u6216\u03b2\u647a\u7247\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7531\u539f\u59cb\u591a\u80bd\u93c8\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6c2b\u9375\u7dad\u6301\u3002 (c) \u4e09\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u4e8c\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6298\u758a\u548c\u7c98\u5408\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 (d)\u56db\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u5169\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u4e09\u7d1a\u4e9e\u57fa\u4e4b\u9593\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u9019\u88e1\u986f\u793a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u8840\u7d05\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u53ef\u5c07\u6c27\u6c23\u8f38\u9001\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u591a\u80bd\u4ee5\u76f4\u93c8\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6578\u90fd\u626d\u66f2\u6216\u6298\u758a\u6210\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4e8c\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u5728\u591a\u80bd\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e4b\u9593\u767c\u751f\u9375\u5408\u6642\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002 \u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e8c\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u03b1\u87ba\u65cb<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014alpha-helix\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u62ff\u4e00\u6839\u7e69\u5b50\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u628a\u5b83\u626d\u6210\u87ba\u65cb\u5f62\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u5f62\u72c0\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u6c2b\u9375\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4e00\u689d\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u93c8\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u6c2b\u9375\u6703\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u93c8\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u6a4b\u6a11\uff08\u898b\u5716 2.26b\uff09\u3002 \u4e0d\u592a\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u80bd\u93c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210<strong>\u03b2\u647a\u7247<\/strong>\u3014beta-pleated sheet\u3015\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6c2b\u9375\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u6298\u758a\u7684\u55ae\u500b\u591a\u80bd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\u4e4b\u9593\u6216\u5728\u5169\u500b\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u500b\u76f8\u9130\u591a\u80bd\u93c8\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u6a4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u4e8c\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6298\u758a\u6210\u7dca\u6e4a\u7684\u4e09\u7dad\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u4e09\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u898b\u57162.26c\uff09\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u69cb\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u93c8\u4e2d\u8ddd\u96e2\u5f88\u9060\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u6c2b\u9375\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u542b\u6709\u534a\u80f1\u6c28\u9178\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e2d\u901a\u904e\u96d9\u786b\u9375\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002 <strong>\u96d9\u786b\u9375<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014disulfide bonds\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u591a\u80bd\u4e2d\u786b\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u3002 \u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u591a\u80bd\u7d50\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5177\u6709\u56db\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff08\u898b\u5716 2.26d\uff09\u3002 \u5f62\u6210\u56db\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u591a\u80bd\u4e9e\u57fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8840\u7d05\u86cb\u767d\uff08\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff09\u7531\u56db\u500b\u4e09\u7d1a\u591a\u80bd\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u500b\u7a31\u70ba\u03b1\u93c8\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u7a31\u70ba\u03b2\u93c8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7576\u5b83\u5011\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u6975\u71b1\u3001\u9178\u3001\u9e7c\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8cea\u6642\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6703\u8b8a\u6027\u3002<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"> <strong>\u8b8a\u6027<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014denaturation\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u901a\u904e\u7269\u7406\u6216\u5316\u5b78\u624b\u6bb5\u6539\u8b8a\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u3002 \u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u5920\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\u9178\u6027\u6ab8\u6aac\u6c41\u5f8c\u725b\u5976\u51dd\u7d50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u5c0d\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u600e\u9ebc\u8a87\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u904e\u5206\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u93c8\u7684\u7d30\u9577\u5f62\u72c0\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u6536\u7e2e\uff08\u7e2e\u77ed\uff09\u548c\u653e\u9b06\uff08\u5ef6\u9577\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9aa8\u982d\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u81a0\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u9577\u7d72\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u5b83\u5145\u7576\u9aa8\u7926\u7269\u8cea\u6c89\u7a4d\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u67b6\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u9577\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7a31\u70ba\u7e96\u7dad\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u5805\u56fa\u8010\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7403\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u662f\u7403\u9ad4<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014globes\u3015<\/small>\u6216\u7403\u9ad4<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014spheres\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u53cd\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u3002 \u7d05\u8840\u7403\u4e2d\u7684\u8840\u7d05\u86cb\u767d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08\u898b\u5716 2.26d\uff09\uff1b \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7403\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u5728\u5168\u8eab\u5927\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u8eab\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u8457\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u65e9\u5148\u4f5c\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u9176\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc0\u5c07\u4ed4\u7d30\u7814\u7a76\u9176\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5177\u6709\u9176\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5617\u8a66\u6253\u5b57\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6bcf\u6b21\u6309\u4e0b\u7b46\u8a18\u672c\u96fb\u8166\u4e0a\u7684\u6309\u9375\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5ef6\u9072\u516d\u5230\u4e03\u5206\u9418\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8cfc\u8cb7\u4e00\u53f0\u65b0\u7b46\u8a18\u672c\u96fb\u8166\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u9176\u4f86\u50ac\u5316\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4eba\u9ad4\u5c31\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u5b83\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9176\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9176\u4fc3\u53cd\u61c9<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014enzymatic reactions\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u7531\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\uff09\u5728\u5e95\u7269\u8207\u9176\u7d50\u5408\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u3002 <strong>\u53d7\u8cea<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014substrate\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u9176\u4fc3\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u3002 \u9019\u767c\u751f\u5728\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u9ede<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014active sites\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u9176\u5340\u57df\uff08\u5716 2.27\uff09\u3002 \u4efb\u4f55\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u9176\u50c5\u50ac\u5316\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u6027\u7a31\u70ba\u7279\u7570\u6027<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014specificity\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u72c0\u548c\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u53d7\u8cea\u53ea\u80fd\u8207\u8a72\u5e95\u7269\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u9ede\u7d50\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u9176\u8207\u5176\u53d7\u8cea\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u4f3c\u62fc\u5716\u904a\u6232\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u9176\u4ee5\u5176\u7279\u7570\u6027\u800c\u805e\u540d\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576\u9176\u8207\u5176\u53d7\u8cea\u7d50\u5408\u6642\uff0c\u9176\u7d50\u69cb\u6703\u767c\u751f\u8f15\u5fae\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u904e\u6e21\u72c0\u614b<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014transition state\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u53d7\u8cea\u548c\u7522\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u9593\u9ad4\uff09\u548c\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6a61\u81a0\u624b\u5957\u6210\u578b\u4e00\u6a23\u4e00\u96bb\u624b\u63d2\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5728\u53d7\u8cea\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u9ede\u4fee\u98fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u6642\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u614b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u8a98\u5c0e\u64ec\u5408<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014induced fit\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u7e3d\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u6bcf\u7a2e\u53d7\u8cea\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c08\u9580\u5339\u914d\u7684\u9176<\/span>\uff1b \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u3002 \u4e00\u4e9b\u9176\u80fd\u5920\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u76f8\u95dc\u53d7\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.11-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6151\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.11-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.11-webp-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.27 \u9176\u4fc3\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f<\/strong> \u6839\u64da\u8a98\u5c0e\u64ec\u5408\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9176\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u9ede\u5728\u8207\u53d7\u8cea\u7d50\u5408\u5f8c\u767c\u751f\u69cb\u8c61\u8b8a\u5316<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014conformational changes\u3015<\/small>\u3002(a)\u53d7\u8cea\u63a5\u8fd1\u9176\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u9ede\u3002 (b) \u53d7\u8cea\u8207\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u9ede\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u9176-\u53d7\u8cea\u8907\u5408\u7269\u3002 (c) \u9176-\u53d7\u8cea\u8907\u5408\u7269\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u4fc3\u9032\u53d7\u8cea\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 (d) \u7522\u7269\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\uff0c\u9176\u6062\u5fa9\u5230\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u4fc3\u9032\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u9176\u4fc3\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d7\u8cea\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u7522\u751f<strong>\u9176-\u53d7\u8cea\u8907\u5408\u7269<\/strong>\u3002 \u9176\u52a0\u901f\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9176-\u53d7\u8cea\u8907\u5408\u7269\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66ab\u6642\u4e14\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u53d7\u8cea\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f7c\u6b64\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u9019\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u9176\u91cb\u653e\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u4e26\u6062\u5fa9\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u72c0\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u9176\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u518d\u6b21\u53c3\u8207\u8a72\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ea\u8981\u53d7\u8cea\u5269\u9918\uff0c\u9176\u5c31\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u53c3\u8207\u8a72\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u68d2<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014bars\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7c89<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014powders\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5976\u6614<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014shakes\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u90fd\u8aaa\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5c0d\u65bc\u69cb\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u5fa9\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5c0d\u5f9e\u76ae\u819a\u5230\u8166\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u6709\u8ca2\u737b<\/span>\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u67d0\u4e9b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9084\u5145\u7576\u6fc0\u7d20\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u4fe1\u4f7f\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u8abf\u7bc0\u8eab\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u9577\u6fc0\u7d20\u5c0d\u9aa8\u9abc\u751f\u9577\u7b49\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u9e7c\u6027\u548c\u9178\u6027\u6210\u5206\u4f7f\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u80fd\u5920\u5145\u7576\u7dad\u6301\u9178\u9e7c\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7de9\u885d\u5291\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8abf\u7bc0\u6db2\u9ad4\u2014<strong>\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u5e73\u8861<\/strong><\/span><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014electrolyte balance\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5438\u5f15\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u300c\u8840\u6db2\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7d30\u80de\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7d30\u80de\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u4e2d\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6fc3\u5ea6\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u78ba\u4fdd\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u9694\u5ba4<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014compartments\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u4e2d\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5c07\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u8f38\u9001\u9032\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u96e2\u5b50\u4fdd\u6301\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002 \u50cf\u8102\u8cea\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7d50\u5408\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f<strong>\u7cd6\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glycoproteins\u3015<\/small>\u6216<strong>\u86cb\u767d\u805a\u91a3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014proteoglycans\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u90fd\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u7576\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u651d\u5165\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7cd6\u539f\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u8017\u76e1\u6642\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4f5c\u70ba\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9664\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u7e54\u5916\u6c92\u6709\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4f5c\u70ba\u80fd\u91cf\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d44\u7e54\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8eab\u9ad4\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6838\u82f7\u9178<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u7a2e\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u662f\u6838\u82f7\u9178\uff08\u5716 2.28\uff09\u3002 <strong>\u6838\u82f7\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nucleotide\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u4e9e\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014subunits\u3015<\/small>\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u985e\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphate groups\u3015<\/small><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u620a\u7cd6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014pentose sugar\u3015<\/small>\uff1a\u812b\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014deoxyribose\u3015<\/small>\u6216\u6838\u7cd6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014ribose\u3015<\/small><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nitrogen-containing base\u3015<\/small>\uff1a\u817a\u560c\u5464<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adenine\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u80de\u5627\u5576<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cytosine\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u9ce5\u560c\u5464<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014guanine\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014thymine\u3015<\/small>\u6216\u5c3f\u5627\u5576<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014uracil\u3015<\/small><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d44\u88dd\u6210\u6838\u9178\uff08DNA\u6216RNA\uff09\u6216\u80fd\u91cf\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adenosine triphosphate\u3015<\/small><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.12-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6152\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.12-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.12-webp-768x576.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.28 \u6838\u82f7\u9178<\/strong><br>(a) \u6240\u6709\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u3001\u620a\u7cd6\u548c\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa\u3002 (b) \u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa\u3002 (c) DNA \u548c RNA \u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u620a\u7cd6\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6838\u9178<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6838\u9178\u7684\u620a\u91a3\u985e\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u812b\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08DNA\uff09<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014deoxyribonucleic acid\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u907a\u50b3\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u3002 <\/span>DNA \u542b\u6709<strong>\u812b\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014deoxyribose\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6bd4\u6838\u7cd6\u5c11 1 \u500b\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u52a0\u4e0a 1 \u500b\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u548c 1 \u500b\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa\u3002 DNA \u9e7c\u57fa\u7684\u201c\u9078\u64c7\u201d\u662f\u817a\u560c\u5464<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adenine\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u80de\u5627\u5576<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cytosine\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u9ce5\u560c\u5464<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014guanine\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014thymine\u3015<\/small>\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08RNA\uff09<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014ribonucleic acid\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u542b\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5c07\u907a\u50b3\u5bc6\u78bc\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002<\/span> RNA\u542b\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa\uff0c\u4f46 RNA \u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u201c\u9078\u64c7\u201d\u662f\u817a\u560c\u5464<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adenine\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u80de\u5627\u5576<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cytosine\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u9ce5\u560c\u5464\u3014guanine\u3015\u548c\u5c3f\u5627\u5576\u3014uracil\u3015\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa\u817a\u560c\u5464<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adenine\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u9ce5\u560c\u5464<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014guanine\u3015<\/small>\u88ab\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u560c\u5464\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u560c\u5464<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014purines\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u6709\u96d9\u74b0\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u591a\u500b\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u3002<\/span> \u9e7c\u57fa\u80de\u5627\u5576<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cytosine\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014thymine\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc DNA \u4e2d\uff09\u548c\u5c3f\u5627\u5576<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014uracil\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc RNA \u4e2d\uff09\u662f\u5627\u5576\u3002<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u5627\u5576<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014pyramidines\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u5177\u6709\u55ae\u74b0\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u7a2e\u6838\u9178\u55ae\u9ad4\u7684\u620a\u7cd6\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6838\u9178\u55ae\u9ad4\u7684\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u4e4b\u9593\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9375\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u9aa8\u67b6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014backbone\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff0c\u5404\u7d44\u5206\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7a81\u51fa\u3002 \u5728 DNA \u4e2d\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u93c8\u901a\u904e\u6c2b\u9375\u9023\u63a5\u5728\u5176\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u4e0a\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u626d\u66f2\u5f62\u6210\u7a31\u70ba\u96d9\u87ba\u65cb\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff08\u5716 2.29\uff09\u3002 DNA \u93c8\u5167\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa\u5e8f\u5217\u5f62\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u5145\u7576\u6307\u5c0e\u7d30\u80de\u5c07\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7d44\u88dd\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5bc6\u78bc\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u4eba\u985e\u7684 DNA \u4e2d\u6709\u8fd1 22,000 \u500b\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u88ab\u9396\u5b9a\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u7684 46 \u689d\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u767c\u80b2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u7684\u7d05\u8840\u7403\uff09\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u651c\u5e36\u8457\u69cb\u5efa\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5bc6\u78bc\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u540c\u5375\u96d9\u80de\u80ce\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.13-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6153\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.13-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.13-webp-768x576.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u57162.29 DNA<\/strong> <br>\u5728 DNA \u96d9\u87ba\u65cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5169\u689d\u93c8\u901a\u904e\u7d44\u6210\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6c2b\u9375\u9023\u63a5\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cRNA \u7531\u55ae\u93c8\u7cd6\u78f7\u9178\u9aa8\u67b6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014sugar-phosphate backbone\u3015<\/small>\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u6563\u4f48\u8457\u9e7c\u57fa\u3002 \u4fe1\u4f7f RNA (mRNA) \u5728\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5408\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u5c07 DNA \u7684\u907a\u50b3\u6307\u4ee4\u651c\u5e36\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u88fd\u9020\u5de5\u5ee0\uff08\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014ribosomes\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7 (ATP)<\/strong> <small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nucleotide adenosine triphosphate\u3015<\/small>\u7531\u6838\u7cd6\u3001\u817a\u560c\u5464\u9e7c\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adenine base\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u4e09\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u7d44\u6210<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphate groups\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u5716 2.30\uff09\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">ATP \u88ab\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u9ad8\u80fd\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9023\u63a5\u5176\u4e09\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u5132\u5b58\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f4d\u80fd\u3002 \u5728\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9ad8\u80fd\u9375\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u4fc3\u9032\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f9e\u808c\u8089\u6536\u7e2e\u5230\u7269\u8cea\u9032\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5408\u6210\u4ee3\u8b1d\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.14-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6154\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.14-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05.14-webp-768x575.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.30 \u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7 (ATP) \u7684\u7d50\u69cb<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7576\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u5f9e ATP \u4e0a\u88c2\u89e3\u6642\uff0c\u7522\u7269\u662f\u4e8c\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7 (ADP) \u548c\u7121\u6a5f\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d (P<sub>i<\/sub>)\u3002 \u8a72\u6c34\u89e3\u53cd\u61c9\u53ef\u5beb\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center is-style-bg_grid\">ATP&nbsp;+&nbsp;H<sub>2<\/sub>O&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;ADP&nbsp;+&nbsp;P<sub>i<\/sub>&nbsp;+&nbsp;energy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53bb\u9664\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d\u7559\u4e0b\u55ae\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adenosine monophosphate\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u5169\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u61c9\u4e5f\u91cb\u653e\u4e86\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d-\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d\u9375\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u7576 ADP \u767c\u751f\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u78f7\u9178\u5316<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphorylation\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u5728\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6703\u7522\u751f ATP\u3002<\/span> \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c34\u89e3\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5fc5\u9808\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u5165\u5230\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d30\u80de\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5f9e ATP \u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7576\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u9996\u6b21\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u6642\uff0c\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5f9e ATP \u8f49\u79fb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u78f7\u9178\u8461\u8404\u7cd6 (C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6<\/sub>-P) \u548c ADP\u3002 \u4e00\u65e6\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u78f7\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u7cd6\u539f\u5132\u5b58\u6216\u4ee3\u8b1d\u70ba\u5373\u6642\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-balloon_box2\">\u66f4\u65b0\u7d00\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_stripe\">2023\/09\/11 \u767c\u4f48\u672c\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-04\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-04\/\">\u2190\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-06\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-06\/\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u672c\u7bc0\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<br \/>\n\u2022 \u78ba\u5b9a\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56db\u7a2e\u6709\u6a5f\u5206\u5b50<br \/>\n\u2022 \u89e3\u91cb\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u78b3\u5c0d\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u7684\u89aa\u548c\u529b\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u539f\u7406<br \/>\n\u2022 \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e09\u7a2e\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u5b9a\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd<br \/>\n\u2022 \u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56db\u7a2e\u8102\u8cea<br \/>\n\u2022 \u63cf\u8ff0\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<br \/>\n\u2022 \u8b58\u5225\u6838\u9178\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca DNA\u3001RNA \u548c ATP \u5728\u4eba\u985e\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lc_iscn_info":[],"swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6132"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6132"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6477,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6132\/revisions\/6477"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}