{"id":6195,"date":"2023-09-12T14:51:47","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T06:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=6195"},"modified":"2023-09-17T22:04:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-17T14:04:37","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-07","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-07\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7ae0\u7bc0\u56de\u9867\uff5c\u7b2c2\u7ae0 \u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6c34\u5e73 2.7\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"is-style-icon_pen\">\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65bc<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-03-color\">2023\u5e7409\u670812\u65e5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-balloon\"><div class=\"c-balloon -bln-left\" data-col=\"blue\"><div class=\"c-balloon__icon -circle\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u771f\u4eba\u85dd\u7d20\u7167-tiny.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"c-balloon__iconImg\" width=\"80px\" height=\"80px\"><span class=\"c-balloon__iconName\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/div><div class=\"c-balloon__body -speaking -border-none\"><div class=\"c-balloon__text\">\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 <em><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-01-color\"><strong>Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u72f8<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" target=\"_blank\">\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<span class=\"c-balloon__shapes\"><span class=\"c-balloon__before\"><\/span><span class=\"c-balloon__after\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_grid\"><strong>\u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong>&lt;2&gt; The Chemical Level of Organization \u2014 Chapter Review<br><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\">\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u5143\u7d20\u548c\u539f\u5b50\uff1a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u69cb\u4ef6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u9ad4\u7531\u5143\u7d20\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u662f\u6c27\uff08O\uff09\u3001\u78b3\uff08C\uff09\u3001\u6c2b\uff08H\uff09\u548c\u6c2e\uff08N\uff09\u3002 \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5403\u7684\u98df\u7269\u548c\u547c\u5438\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u7372\u53d6\u9019\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u3002 \u4fdd\u7559\u8a72\u5143\u7d20\u6240\u6709\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f<strong>\u539f\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014atom\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u8a31\u591a<strong>\u6b21\u539f\u5b50\u7c92\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014subatomic particles\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u662f<strong>\u8cea\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014protons\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u4e2d\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014neutrons\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u96fb\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014electrons\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u5f9e\u4e00\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u6c92\u6709\u8b8a\u5316\uff1b \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6a19\u8b58\u662f\u5176\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014atomic number\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8ca2\u737b\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8cea\u91cf\u3002 \u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\u3002 \u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8f03\u91cd\u548c\u8f03\u8f15\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002 \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7a31\u70ba\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014isotopes\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u7a69\u5b9a\u6216\u5bb9\u6613\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u50be\u5411\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u539f\u5b50\u6700\u5916\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\u6bbc\uff08\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u50f9\u6bbc\u5c64<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014valence shell\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u5167\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u6c26\u4ee5\u53ca\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\u5c64\u4e2d\u6709\u516b\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u8f03\u5927\u539f\u5b50\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5f88\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u6350\u8d08\u6216\u5171\u4eab\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\u5c64\u4e2d\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u9054\u5230\u516b\u500b\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c2b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5169\u500b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u5316\u5b78\u9375<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6bcf\u6642\u6bcf\u523b\uff0c\u6c27\u3001\u78b3\u3001\u6c2b\u548c\u4eba\u9ad4\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u90fd\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u7834\u58de\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u3002 <strong>\u96e2\u5b50<\/strong>\u3014ions\u3015\u662f\u7576\u539f\u5b50\u7d66\u4e88\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6642\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5e36\u96fb\u539f\u5b50\u3002 <strong>\u967d\u96e2\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cations\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\uff09\u88ab<strong>\u9670\u96e2\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014anions\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\uff09\u5438\u5f15\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u96e2\u5b50\u9375<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014ionic bond\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u5728\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e0d\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u6216\u7372\u5f97\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u96fb\u5b50\u3002 \u5177\u6709<strong>\u975e\u6975\u6027\u5171\u50f9\u9375<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nonpolar covalent bonds\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u96fb\u5e73\u8861\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u7dda\u6027\u4e09\u7dad\u5f62\u72c0\u3002 \u5177\u6709<strong>\u6975\u6027\u5171\u50f9\u9375<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014polar covalent bonds\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u201c\u6975<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014poles\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5f31\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u548c\u5f31\u8ca0\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u5340\u57df\u2014\u2014\u4e26\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u4e09\u7dad\u5f62\u72c0\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5169\u500b\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u6975\u6027\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u5f62\u6210\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u3002 \u6c2b\u9375\u5c07\u5df2\u7d93\u53c3\u8207\u6975\u6027\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u7684\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u8207\u9670\u96e2\u5b50\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6975\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u96fb\u8ca0\u6027\u5340\u57df\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u6c2b\u9375\u9023\u63a5\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c34\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u65b7\u88c2\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u80fd\u91cf\u6295\u5165\u3002 <strong>\u52d5\u80fd<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014kinetic energy\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u96e2\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u63d0\u4f9b\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u820a\u9375\u8981\u65b7\u88c2\u4e26\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u9375\uff0c\u5247\u78b0\u649e\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u5132\u5b58<strong>\u4f4d\u80fd<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014potential energy\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u7576\u5206\u5b50\u9375\u65b7\u88c2\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u91cb\u653e\u4f4d\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56db\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a <strong>\u5316\u5b78\u80fd<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014chemical energy\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u65b7\u88c2\u800c\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u91cb\u653e\uff1b <strong>\u6a5f\u68b0\u80fd<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014mechanical energy\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u70ba\u8eab\u9ad4\u6d3b\u52d5\u63d0\u4f9b\u52d5\u529b\uff1b <strong>\u8f3b\u5c04\u80fd<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014radiant energy\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ce2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u767c\u5c04\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u967d\u5149\u4e0b\uff1b \u548c<strong>\u96fb\u80fd<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014electrical energy\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u79fb\u52d5\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014chemical reactions\u3015<\/small>\u5f9e\u53cd\u61c9\u7269<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014reactants\u3015<\/small>\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u7522\u7269<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014reactants\u3015<\/small>\u7d50\u675f\u3002 <strong>\u5408\u6210\u53cd\u61c9<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014synthesis reactions\u3015<\/small>\u5c07\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u61c9\u5247\u7834\u58de\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u5167\u7684\u9375\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u91cb\u653e\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u5728<strong>\u4ea4\u63db\u53cd\u61c9<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014exchange reactions\u3015<\/small>\u4e2d\uff0c\u9375\u6703\u65b7\u88c2\u548c\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u80fd\u91cf\u6703\u4ea4\u63db\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u767c\u751f\u7684\u901f\u7387\u53d7\u5230\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a<strong>\u6eab\u5ea6<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6fc3\u5ea6<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u58d3\u529b<\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca<strong>\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\u3002 <strong>\u9176<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014enzyme\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u50ac\u5316\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4 \u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u6a5f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7121\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7121\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5305\u62ec<strong>\u6c34<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u9e7d<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u9178<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u9e7c<\/strong>\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u662f\u7121\u6a5f\u7684\uff1b \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u542b\u6709\u6c2b\u548c\u78b3\u3002 \u6c34\u662f\u6f64\u6ed1\u5291\u548c\u7de9\u6c96\u5291\u3001\u6563\u200b\u200b\u71b1\u5668\u3001\u6db2\u9ad4\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3001<strong>\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u53cd\u61c9<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014dehydration synthesis reactions\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u526f\u7522\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca<strong>\u6c34\u89e3\u53cd\u61c9<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydrolysis reactions\u3015<\/small>\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u3002 \u9e7d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u7576\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u96e2\u89e3\u6210 H+ \u6216 OH- \u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9178\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u91cb\u653e H+\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u9178\u6027\u66f4\u5f37\u3002 \u9e7c\u63a5\u53d7 H+\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u6eb6\u6db2\u66f4\u5177\u9e7c\u6027\uff08\u8150\u8755\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684 pH \u503c\u90fd\u662f\u5176 H+ \u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002 pH 7 \u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u5448\u4e2d\u6027\u3002 pH\u503c\u4f4e\u65bc7\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u70ba\u9178\uff0cpH\u503c\u9ad8\u65bc7\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u70ba\u9e7c\u3002 pH \u503c\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6578\u8b8a\u5316\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f9e 7 \u5230 8\uff09\u4ee3\u8868 H+ \u6fc3\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u6e1b\u5c11\u5341\u500d\u3002 \u5065\u5eb7\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u6db2 pH \u503c\u7bc4\u570d\u70ba 7.35 \u81f3 7.45\u3002 \u7dad\u6301\u8840\u6db2\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u7684pH\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6046\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u6a5f\u5236\u5305\u62ec\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u7de9\u885d\u5291<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014buffers\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u7576\u8840\u6db2\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad4\u6db2\u7684pH\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5411\u6ce2\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u5f31\u9178\u548c\u5f31\u9e7c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.5 \u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u6a5f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5305\u62ec<strong>\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014carbohydrates\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u8102\u8cea<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lipids\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014proteins\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u6838\u82f7\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nucleotides\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u540c\u6642\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u548c\u6c2b\u3002 \u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8207\u6c2b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6c27\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u662f\u6c2e\uff09\u5171\u4eab\u96fb\u5b50\u3002 \u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b<strong>\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\u5718<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014functional groups\u3015<\/small>\u5982\u7fa7\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014carboxyls\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u7fa5\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydroxyls\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u6c28\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014aminos\u3015<\/small>\u6216\u78f7\u9178\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphates\u3015<\/small>\u9375\u5408\u3002 <strong>\u55ae\u9ad4<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014monomers\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u55ae\u5143\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u901a\u904e\u812b\u6c34\u5408\u6210\u5f62\u6210\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u6c34\u89e3\u800c\u65b7\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u71c3\u6599\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5f62\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec<strong>\u55ae\u91a3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014monosaccharides\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\uff09\u3001<strong>\u4e8c\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014disaccharides\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e73\u7cd6\uff09\u548c<strong>\u591a\u91a3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014polysaccharides\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6fb1\u7c89\uff08\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff09\u3001\u7cd6\u539f\uff08\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u548c\u7e96\u7dad\uff09\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4f5c\u70ba\u71c3\u6599\u3002 \u5b83\u901a\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\u53cd\u61c9\u8f49\u5316\u70ba ATP\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8102\u8cea\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8eab\u9ad4\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <strong>\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014triglycerides\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u9ad4\u5167\u6700\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8102\u8cea\uff0c\u7531\u9023\u63a5\u4e09\u500b\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u93c8\u7684\u7518\u6cb9\u4e3b\u93c8\u7d44\u6210\u3002 <strong>\u78f7\u8102<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phospholipids\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7531\u7518\u6cb9\u4e8c\u916f\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u982d\u90e8\u5e36\u6709\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u3002 \u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6975\u6027\u548c\u975e\u6975\u6027\u5340\u57df\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002 <strong>\u985e\u56fa\u9187<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014steroids\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7531\u56db\u500b\u70f4\u74b0\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u3002 \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\u3002 <strong>\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014prostaglandins\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7684\u4fe1\u865f\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u7531\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u6c28\u57fa\u9178<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014amino acids\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u55ae\u9ad4\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u6c2e\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u80bd\u9375\u9023\u63a5\u3002 \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u5c0d\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u5927\u591a\u6578\u8eab\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u90fd\u662f\u7403\u72c0\u7684\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u9176\uff0c\u5b83\u50ac\u5316\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b<strong>\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphate groups\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u620a\u7cd6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014pentose sugar\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u542b\u6c2e\u9e7c\u57fa<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nitrogen-containing base\u3015<\/small>\u3002 DNA \u548c RNA \u662f\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6838\u9178\u3002 ATP \u662f\u4eba\u9ad4\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u79fb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u5b50\u3002 \u78f7\u9178\u9e7d\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u6216\u6dfb\u52a0\u6703\u91cb\u653e\u6216\u6295\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-balloon_box2\">\u66f4\u65b0\u7d00\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_stripe\">2023\/09\/12 \u767c\u4f48\u672c\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-06\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-05\/\">\u2190\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-00\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-00\/\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u56de\u9867\u4e86\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6c34\u5e73\u5404\u7bc0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6206,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lc_iscn_info":[],"swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6195"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6195"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6271,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6195\/revisions\/6271"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}