{"id":6209,"date":"2023-09-12T17:35:49","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T09:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=6209"},"modified":"2023-09-27T15:46:43","modified_gmt":"2023-09-27T07:46:43","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-00","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-00\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7c21\u4ecb\uff5c\u7b2c3\u7ae0 \u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5c64\u6b21\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"is-style-icon_pen\">\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65bc<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-03-color\">2023\u5e749\u670812\u65e5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-balloon\"><div class=\"c-balloon -bln-left\" data-col=\"blue\"><div class=\"c-balloon__icon -circle\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u771f\u4eba\u85dd\u7d20\u7167-tiny.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"c-balloon__iconImg\" width=\"80px\" height=\"80px\"><span class=\"c-balloon__iconName\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/div><div class=\"c-balloon__body -speaking -border-none\"><div class=\"c-balloon__text\">\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 <em><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-01-color\"><strong>Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" target=\"_blank\">\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<span class=\"c-balloon__shapes\"><span class=\"c-balloon__before\"><\/span><span class=\"c-balloon__after\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_grid\"><strong>\u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/3-introduction\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/3-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&lt;3&gt; The Cellular Level of Organization &nbsp;\u2014 Introduction<\/a><br><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\">\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-00.01-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-00.01-webp.webp 900w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-00.01-webp-768x433.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.1 \u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u6709\u7d72\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u7192\u5149\u67d3\u8272\u7d30\u80de<\/strong> <br>\u8811\u8788\u7684\u80ba\u7d30\u80de\u88ab\u7192\u5149\u67d3\u6599\u67d3\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u80ba\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u800c\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u7da0\u8272\u67d3\u8272\u986f\u793a\u6709\u7d72\u5206\u88c2\u7d21\u9318\u9ad4<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014mitotic spindles\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u7d05\u8272\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\uff0c\u6dfa\u85cd\u8272\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u3002 \u8a72\u7d30\u80de\u8655\u65bc\u6709\u7d72\u5206\u88c2\u5f8c\u671f\u3002 \uff08\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u201cMortadelo2005\u201d\/\u7dad\u57fa\u5171\u4eab\u8cc7\u6e90\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-capbox cap_box\" data-colset=\"col2\"><div class=\"cap_box_ttl\"><span><strong>\u7ae0\u7bc0\u76ee\u6a19<\/strong><\/span><\/div><div class=\"cap_box_content\">\n<p>\u5b78\u7fd2\u672c\u7ae0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u9032\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8abf\u7bc0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u7a2e\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u89e3\u91cb\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caDNA\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u904e\u7a0b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u89e3\u91cb\u7d30\u80de\u4f7f\u7528 DNA \u4ee3\u78bc\u69cb\u5efa\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u904e\u7a0b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6309\u9806\u5e8f\u5217\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u9031\u671f\u7684\u5404\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u6b65\u9a5f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7d30\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u5316\u4e26\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7279\u5316<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5217\u51fa\u4eba\u9ad4\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7d30\u80de\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5f62\u614b\u548c\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5fb5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u7d30\u80de\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u5305\u542b\u6578\u4e07\u5104\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u7167\u93e1\u5b50\u6642\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u500b\u767c\u80b2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u672a\u5206\u5316\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u8b8a\u5f97<strong>\u7279\u5316<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014specialized\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u985e\u578b\u5f62\u6210\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u7d44\u7e54<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014specialized tissues\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5354\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c\u6d3b\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u548c\u767c\u80b2\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u55ae\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u5206\u88c2\u5982\u4f55\u5c0e\u81f4\u9019\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u548c\u5206\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8003\u616e\u76ae\u819a\u4e2d\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002 \u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u76ae\u819a\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u5e73\u677f<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014flat plate\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u9c57\u72c0<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014squamous\u3015<\/small>\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u812b\u843d\u548c\u66f4\u63db\u4e4b\u524d\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002 \u9c57\u72c0\u76ae\u819a\u7d30\u80de\u7dca\u5bc6\u5730\u6392\u5217\u6210\u884c\u548c\u7247\u72c0\uff0c\u70ba\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u5c4f\u969c\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u661f\u5f62\uff0c\u767c\u51fa\u9577\u9054\u4e00\u7c73\u7684\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u6574\u500b\u751f\u547d\u9031\u671f\u4e2d\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002 \u6191\u85c9\u5176\u9577\u800c\u7e8f\u7e5e\u7684\u9644\u5c6c\u7269\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u9001\u5feb\u901f\u4fe1\u865f\uff0c\u5411\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u901a\u5831\u5176\u74b0\u5883\u4e26\u5141\u8a31\u5176\u8207\u8a72\u74b0\u5883\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u8a72\u4e3b\u984c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff1a<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6700\u9069\u5408\u57f7\u884c\u8ce6\u4e88\u8a72\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\u3002 \u7576\u4f60\u53c3\u89c0\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u4e26\u4e86\u89e3\u9ad4\u5167\u5404\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6642\uff0c\u8acb\u8a18\u4f4f\u9019\u4e00\u4e3b\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8077\u8cac\u662f\u4fc3\u9032\u9ad4\u5167\u5e73\u8861\u3002 <\/span><strong>\u9ad4\u5167\u5e73\u8861<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014homeostasis\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u6307\u8207\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u5167\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u5e73\u8861\u72c0\u614b\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d3b\u7d30\u80de\u9700\u8981\u6c34\u57fa\u74b0\u5883\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u7269\u7406\uff08\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\uff09\u548c\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6578\u4e07\u5104\u500b\u6d3b\u7d30\u80de\u4fdd\u6301\u6fd5\u6f64\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u9ad4\u5167\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u3002 \u7576\u8840\u58d3\u6216\u8840\u6c27\u542b\u91cf\u7b49\u7279\u5b9a\u53c3\u6578\u504f\u96e2\u9ad4\u5167\u5e73\u8861\u8db3\u5920\u9060\u6642\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8b8a\u5f97\u904e\u9ad8\u6216\u904e\u4f4e\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u59cb\u65bc 1665 \u5e74\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6Robert Hooke\u5c0d\u6b7b\u8edf\u6728\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0cHook\u6839\u64da\u8edf\u6728\u585e\u4e2d\u5c0f\u7684\u9694\u9593\u8207\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u623f\u9593\uff08\u7a31\u70ba\u5c0f\u623f\u9593\u3014cell\u3015\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u7d30\u80de\u3014cells\u3015\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u3002 \u5927\u7d04\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0cAntonie van Leeuwenhoek\u6210\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e0b\u89c0\u5bdf\u6d3b\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u4eba\u3002 \u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u4ee3\u8868\u751f\u547d\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5f97\u5230\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5145\u6eff\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u56ca\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u8ca0\u8cac\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u751f\u9577\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6578\u5343\u7a2e\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002 \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u4f60\u5c07\u4e86\u89e3\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u4eba\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-balloon_box2\">\u66f4\u65b0\u7d00\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_stripe\">2023\/09\/12 \u767c\u4f48\u672c\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-07\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-02-07\/\">\u2190\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01\/\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b78\u7fd2\u672c\u7ae0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<br \/>\n\u5728\u672c\u7bc0\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<br \/>\n\u2022 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