{"id":6223,"date":"2023-09-14T15:42:40","date_gmt":"2023-09-14T07:42:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=6223"},"modified":"2023-09-23T08:12:05","modified_gmt":"2023-09-23T00:12:05","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7d30\u80de\u819c\uff5c\u7b2c3\u7ae0 \u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5c64\u6b21 3.1\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"is-style-icon_pen\">\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65bc<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-03-color\">2023\u5e749\u670814\u65e5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-balloon\"><div class=\"c-balloon -bln-left\" data-col=\"blue\"><div class=\"c-balloon__icon -circle\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u771f\u4eba\u85dd\u7d20\u7167-tiny.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"c-balloon__iconImg\" width=\"80px\" height=\"80px\"><span class=\"c-balloon__iconName\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/div><div class=\"c-balloon__body -speaking -border-none\"><div class=\"c-balloon__text\">\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 <em><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-01-color\"><strong>Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" target=\"_blank\">\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<span class=\"c-balloon__shapes\"><span class=\"c-balloon__before\"><\/span><span class=\"c-balloon__after\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_grid\"><strong>\u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/3-1-the-cell-membrane\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/3-1-the-cell-membrane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&lt;3&gt; The Cellular Level of Organization &nbsp;\u2014 3.1&nbsp;The Cell Membrane<\/a><br><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\">\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-capbox cap_box\" data-colset=\"col2\"><div class=\"cap_box_ttl\"><span>\u7ae0\u7bc0\u76ee\u6a19<\/span><\/div><div class=\"cap_box_content\">\n<p>\u5b78\u7fd2\u672c\u7ae0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0\u69cb\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6210\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u89e3\u91cb\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u548c\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5340\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lipid bilayer\u3015<\/small>\u64f4\u6563\u7684\u6750\u6599<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bd4\u8f03\u548c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u88ab\u52d5\u50b3\u8f38\u8207\u4e3b\u52d5\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5468\u570d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u5916\u5c64\u5c07\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u8207\u5176\u74b0\u5883\u5206\u958b\uff0c<span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u7d30\u80de\u819c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cell membrane\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u8cea\u819c<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014plasma membrane\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u5c07\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u5176\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u5206\u958b\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5468\u570d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u5c4f\u969c\uff0c\u4e26\u8abf\u7bc0\u54ea\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u7d44\u6210<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7d30\u80de\u819c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cell membrane\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6975\u5176\u67d4\u97cc\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531<strong>\u80cc\u5c0d\u80cc\u78f7\u8102<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014back-to-back phospholipids\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u201c\u96d9\u5c64<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014bilayer\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u9084\u5b58\u5728\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u819c\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u819c\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u5177\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u55ae\u500b\u78f7\u8102\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u982d<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014head\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff0c\u5169\u689d\u4e26\u6392\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u93c8\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u8102\u8cea\u5c3e\uff08\u5716 3.2\uff09\u3002 \u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u982d\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u6975\u6027\u548c\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u611b\u6c34<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014water loving\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u3002 <strong>\u89aa\u6c34\u5206\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydrophilic molecule\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u5340\u57df\uff09\u662f\u88ab\u6c34\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d\u982d<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phosphate heads\u3015<\/small>\u88ab\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8102\u8cea\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e0d\u5e36\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u6216\u975e\u6975\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u6015\u6c34<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014water fearing\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u3002 <strong>\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u5206\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydrophobic molecule\u3015<\/small> \uff08\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u5340\u57df\uff09\u6392\u65a5\u6c34\u4e26\u88ab\u6c34\u6392\u65a5\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u8102\u5c3e\u7531\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u542b\u6709\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u7d44\u5408\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e0d\u65b7\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\u78f7\u8102\u662f\u5169\u89aa\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u3002 <strong>\u5169\u89aa\u6027\u5206\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014amphipathic molecule\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u540c\u6642\u5305\u542b\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\u548c\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u5340\u57df\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u80a5\u7682\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u6cb9\u6c61\u548c\u6cb9\u6f2c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5169\u89aa\u6027\u3002 \u89aa\u6c34\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u758f\u6c34\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6cb9\u8102\u6355\u7372\u5728\u81a0\u675f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5176\u6d17\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-border\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"675\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.01-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6226\" style=\"object-fit:cover\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.2 \u78f7\u8102\u7d50\u69cb <\/strong><br>\u78f7\u8102\u5206\u5b50\u7531\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u6975\u6027\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d\u201c\u982d\u201d\u548c\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u975e\u6975\u6027\u8102\u8cea\u201c\u5c3e\u201d\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u758f\u6c34\u5c3e\u90e8\u626d\u7d50\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7531\u5169\u5c64\u76f8\u9130\u7684\u78f7\u8102\u5c64\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u5c3e\u90e8\u9762\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5728\u5169\u5c64\u7684\u754c\u9762\u8655\u76f8\u9047\u3002<\/span> \u78f7\u8102\u982d\u671d\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u5c64\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u4e00\u5c64\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u5916\u90e8\uff08\u57163.3\uff09\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u5177\u6709\u6975\u6027\u548c\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u88ab\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u5438\u5f15\u3002 <strong>\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u6db2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014intracellular fluid\u3015<\/small>\uff08ICF\uff09\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u3002 \u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u4e5f\u88ab\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u6db2\u5438\u5f15\u3002 <strong>\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u6db2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014extracellular fluid\u3015<\/small>\uff08ECF\uff09\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5916\u6bbc\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u74b0\u5883\u3002 <strong>\u9593\u8cea\u6db2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014interstitial fluid\u3015<\/small> (IF) \u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8840\u7ba1\u5167\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u6db2\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u8102\u8cea\u5c3e\u90e8\u662f\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u819c\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u5340\u57df\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u5f9e\u8a72\u7a7a\u9593\u6392\u9664\u542b\u6c34\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u6db2\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u6db2\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u819c\u542b\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u8207\u78f7\u8102\u96d9\u5c64\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8102\u8cea\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\uff09\u3002 \u819c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u5b83\u4fdd\u6301\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\uff1b\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e26\u4e0d\u50f5\u786c\u5730\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.02-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6227\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.02-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.02-webp-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.3 \u78f7\u8102\u96d9\u5c64 <\/strong><br>\u78f7\u8102\u96d9\u5c64\u7531\u5169\u500b\u76f8\u9130\u7684\u78f7\u8102\u7247\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5c3e\u5c0d\u5c3e\u6392\u5217\u3002 \u758f\u6c34\u5c3e\u90e8\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u819c\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u3002 \u6975\u6027\u982d\u63a5\u89f8\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u819c\u86cb\u767d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u69cb\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u4f48\u6eff\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u901a\u5e38\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u662f<strong>\u5d4c\u5165\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014integral protein\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u5468\u908a\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014peripheral protein\u3015<\/small><\/span>\uff08\u5716 3.4\uff09\u3002 \u9867\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u86cb\u767d\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002 <strong>\u901a\u9053\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014channel protein\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u5730\u5141\u8a31\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u96e2\u5b50\uff09\u9032\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1051\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.03-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6229\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.03-webp.webp 1051w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.03-webp-768x494.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1051px) 100vw, 1051px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.4 \u7d30\u80de\u819c <\/strong><br>\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u662f\u78f7\u8102\u96d9\u5c64\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u548c\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u9084\u9644\u6709\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u57fa\u5718\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u7d44\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6574\u5408\u86cb\u767d\u662f<strong>\u7d30\u80de\u8b58\u5225\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cell recognition proteins\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u65bc\u6a19\u8a18\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7d30\u80de\u8b58\u5225\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u53d7\u9ad4<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014receptor\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u985e\u8b58\u5225\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u5730\u7d50\u5408\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u5408\u8a98\u5c0e\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 <strong>\u914d\u9ad4<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014ligand\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7d50\u5408\u4e26\u4e14\u6fc0\u6d3b\u53d7\u9ad4\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span> \u4e00\u4e9b\u5d4c\u5165\u86cb\u767d\u5177\u6709\u53d7\u9ad4\u548c\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u53d7\u9ad4-\u914d\u9ad4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u4e0a\u7d50\u5408\u795e\u7d93\u905e\u8cea\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u5df4\u80fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014dopamine<\/small>\u3015\uff09\u7684\u53d7\u9ad4\u3002 \u7576\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5206\u5b50\u8207\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u53d7\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u7d50\u5408\u6642\uff0c<strong>\u8de8\u819c\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014transmembrane protein\u3015<\/small>\u5167\u7684\u901a\u9053\u6253\u958b\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u67d0\u4e9b\u96e2\u5b50\u6d41\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5d4c\u5165\u819c\u86cb\u767d\u662f\u7cd6\u86cb\u767d\u3002 <strong>\u7cd6\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glycoproteins\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9644\u8457\u6709\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u5176\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8cea<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014extracellular matrix\u3015<\/small>\u4e2d\u3002 \u7cd6\u86cb\u767d\u4e0a\u9644\u8457\u7684\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6a19\u7c64\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u8b58\u5225\u3002 \u5f9e\u819c\u86cb\u767d\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f9e\u4e00\u4e9b\u819c\u8102\u8cea<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014membrane lipids\u3015<\/small>\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5171\u540c\u5f62\u6210\u7cd6\u843c\u3002 <strong>\u7cd6\u843c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glycocalyx\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4e00\u5c64\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u5857\u5c64\uff0c\u7531\u9644\u8457\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u7cd6\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u3002 \u7cd6\u843c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u542b\u6709\u5141\u8a31\u7d30\u80de\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u542b\u6709\u6fc0\u7d20\u53d7\u9ad4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u542b\u6709\u5206\u89e3\u71df\u990a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u9176\u3002 \u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u7cd6\u843c\u662f\u8a72\u4eba\u57fa\u56e0\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u8ce6\u4e88\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6578\u4e07\u5104\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6b78\u5c6c\u65bc\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u201c\u8eab\u4efd<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014identity\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u9632\u79a6\u7d30\u80de\u201c\u77e5\u9053\u201d\u4e0d\u653b\u64ca\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6350\u8d08\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5468\u908a\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014peripheral proteins\u3015<\/small>\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u8102\u96d9\u5c64\u7684\u5167\u8868\u9762\u6216\u5916\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u8457\u65bc\u5d4c\u5165\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u5167\u8868\u9762\u6216\u5916\u8868\u9762\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u901a\u5e38\u5c0d\u7d30\u80de\u57f7\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8178\u7d30\u80de\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5468\u908a\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5145\u7576\u6d88\u5316\u9176\uff0c\u5c07\u71df\u990a\u7269\u8cea\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u4e26\u9032\u5165\u8840\u6db2\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8de8\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u904b\u8f38<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u5049\u5927\u5947\u8e5f\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u8abf\u7bc0\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002<\/span> \u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u5305\u62ecCa++\u3001Na+\u3001K+\u548cCl\u2013\u7b49\u96e2\u5b50\uff1b \u71df\u990a\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7cd6\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u548c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff1b \u4ee5\u53ca\u5fc5\u9808\u96e2\u958b\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5ee2\u7269\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3 (CO2)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u819c\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d1a\u63a7\u5236\u3002 \u78f7\u8102\u7dca\u5bc6\u5730\u5806\u7a4d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u819c\u5177\u6709\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u5167\u90e8\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u4f7f\u819c\u5177\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u6ef2\u900f\u6027\u3002 \u5177\u6709<strong>\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u6ef2\u900f\u6027<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014selective permeability\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u819c\u53ea\u5141\u8a31\u6eff\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u901a\u904e\u5b83\u3002 \u5c31\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u975e\u6975\u6027\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a7f\u904e\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\uff08\u8acb\u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c\u819c\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u5c3e\u90e8\u662f\u975e\u6975\u6027\u7684\uff09\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u8102\u8cea\u3001\u6c27\u6c23\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6c23\u9ad4\u4ee5\u53ca\u9152\u7cbe\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff08\u5982\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u3001\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u548c\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\uff09\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e6b\u52a9\u624d\u80fd\u7a7f\u904e\u819c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u88ab\u78f7\u8102\u96d9\u5c64\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u5c3e\u90e8\u6392\u65a5\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u7a7f\u904e\u819c\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5169\u7a2e\u901a\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u6839\u64da\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u91cf\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014passive transport\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6307\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u4e0d\u6d88\u8017\u7d30\u80de\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c<strong>\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014active transport\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u5229\u7528\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7 (ATP) \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8de8\u819c\u79fb\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3\u7269\u8cea\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u52d5\u5730\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u548c\u64f4\u6563\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014concentration gradient\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/span> \u5206\u5b50\uff08\u6216\u96e2\u5b50\uff09\u5c07\u5f9e\u5b83\u5011\u8f03\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u64f4\u6563\/\u64f4\u6563<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014spread\/diffuse\u3015<\/small>\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u8f03\u4e0d\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u5747\u52fb\u5730\u5206\u4f48\u5728\u8a72\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u3002 \uff08\u7576\u5206\u5b50\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u79fb\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u6cbf\u8457\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u79fb\u52d5\u3002\uff09 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\"><strong>\u64f4\u6563<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014diffusion\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6307\u7c92\u5b50\u5f9e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5340\u57df\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002<\/span> \u5e7e\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u6d74\u5ba4\u5167\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5674\u4e00\u74f6\u9999\u6c34\uff0c\u9999\u5473\u5206\u5b50\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5f9e\u96e2\u958b\u74f6\u5b50\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u6d74\u5ba4\u7684\u5404\u500b\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u64f4\u6563\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7e8c\u5230\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u70ba\u6b62\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5c07\u4e00\u52fa\u7cd6\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u676f\u8336\u4e2d\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u7cd6\u6703\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u6574\u500b\u8336\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u623f\u9593\u8f03\u6696\u6216\u8336\u8f03\u71b1\uff0c\u64f4\u6563\u6703\u767c\u751f\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u78b0\u649e\u4e26\u64f4\u6563\u5f97\u6bd4\u5728\u8f03\u51b7\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u66f4\u5feb\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9ad4\u5167\u6eab\u5ea6\u7d04\u70ba 98.6\u00b0F \u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9ad4\u5167\u9846\u7c92\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u7576\u4e00\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u4ee5\u8f03\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u534a\u900f\u819c<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014semipermeable membrane\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7d30\u80de\u819c\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u5074\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cbf\u819c\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u8cea\u90fd\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002 \u8003\u616e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u9b06\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c27\u6c23 (O<sub>2<\/sub>) \u548c CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u3002 O<sub>2<\/sub> \u901a\u5e38\u6703\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u90e8\u66f4\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u901a\u5e38\u6703\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u66f4\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7d30\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u8de8\u819c\u79fb\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u64f4\u6563\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u5728\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u6d88\u8017\u6c27\u6c23\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6c27\u6c23\u6fc3\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4f4e\u65bc\u5916\u90e8\u3002 \u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6c27\u6c23\u5c07\u5f9e\u9593\u8cea\u6db2<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014interstitial fluid\u3015<\/small>\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u64f4\u6563\u901a\u904e\u819c\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u4e26\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u7522\u751fCO<sub>2<\/sub>\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5167\u7684CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\uff1b \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCO<sub>2<\/sub>\u5c07\u5f9e\u7d30\u80de\u7a7f\u904e\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u9032\u5165\u7d44\u7e54\u6db2\uff0c\u5728\u7d44\u7e54\u6db2\u4e2d\u5176\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u5b50\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5f9e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u5074\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u4e00\u5074\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u7c21\u55ae\u64f4\u6563<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014simple diffusion\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u5716 3.5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.04-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6232\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.04-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.04-webp-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.5 \u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\uff08\u8cea\uff09\u819c\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u64f4\u6563 <\/strong><br>\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5141\u8a31\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5e36\u96fb\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6c27\u6c23\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8102\u8cea\uff09\u901a\u904e\u7c21\u55ae\u64f4\u6563\u6cbf\u8457\u5176\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u5927\u6975\u6027\u6216\u96e2\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u7a7f\u904e\u78f7\u8102\u96d9\u5c64\u3002 \u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u6975\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c34\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u4f86\u7a7f\u904e\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5e36\u96fb\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u8377\u88ab\u78f7\u8102\u96d9\u5c64\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u5c3e\u90e8\u6392\u65a5\u3002<\/span> \u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5169\u5074\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u8cea\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u6cbf\u8457\u5176\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7269\u8cea\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u901a\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u901a\u9053\u548c\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u5c08\u9580\u904b\u8f38\u6a5f\u5236\u3002 \u4fc3\u9032\u64f4\u6563\u662f\u7528\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u548c\/\u6216\u6975\u6027\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u7a7f\u904e\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u904e\u7a0b\uff08\u5716 3.6\uff09\u3002 <strong>\u4fc3\u9032\u64f4\u6563<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014Facilitated diffusion\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u7528\u65bc\u88fd\u9020 ATP\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc3\u7e2e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u7c21\u55ae\u64f4\u6563\u7a7f\u904e\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u65e2\u5927\u53c8\u5177\u6975\u6027\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u8f49\u904b\u86cb\u767d<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glucose transporter\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8f09\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u6703\u5c07\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u5176\u5411\u5167\u64f4\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"901\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.05-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6233\" style=\"object-fit:cover\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.6 \u4fc3\u9032\u64f4\u6563 <\/strong><br>(a) \u7269\u8cea\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\uff08\u8cea\uff09\u819c\u7684\u4fc3\u9032\u64f4\u6563\u662f\u5728\u901a\u9053\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u8f09\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u7b49\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0b\u767c\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u901a\u9053\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u4f4e\u65bc\u8f09\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6839\u64da\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u96fb\u8377\u7a0d\u5fae\u5340\u5206\u5176\u8ca8\u7269\u3002 (b) \u8f09\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u66f4\u5177\u9078\u64c7\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5141\u8a31\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5b9a\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4ea4\u53c9\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9209\u96e2\u5b50 (Na+) \u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6fc3\u7e2e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u4e5f\u6703\u5e36\u96fb\u4e26\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u7a7f\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u975e\u6975\u6027\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u3002 \u5f62\u6210\u9209\u901a\u9053\uff08\u6216\u201c\u5b54<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014pores\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff09\u7684\u819c\u86cb\u767d\u4fc3\u9032\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 Na+ \u96e2\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cbf\u8457\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u5f9e\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u3002 \u9084\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u6eb6\u8cea\u5fc5\u9808\u7d93\u904e\u4fc3\u9032\u64f4\u6563\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u6216\u96e2\u958b\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5ee2\u7269\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u4fc3\u9032\u64f4\u6563\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7d30\u80de\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6c34\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u901a\u9053\u6216\u901a\u904e\u819c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6ed1\u52d5\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u7a7f\u904e\u6240\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3002 <strong>\u6ef2\u900f<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014osmosis\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6c34\u901a\u904e\u534a\u900f\u819c<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014semipermeable membrane\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u64f4\u6563\uff08\u5716 3.7\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.06-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6234\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.06-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.06-webp-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.7 \u6ef2\u900f <\/strong><br>\u6ef2\u900f\u662f\u6c34\u901a\u904e\u534a\u900f\u819c\u6cbf\u8457\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u64f4\u6563\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u819c\u53ef\u6ef2\u900f\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ef2\u900f\u6eb6\u8cea\uff0c\u5247\u6c34\u5c07\u901a\u904e\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u6c34\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u4e00\u5074\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u6b64\u6eb6\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u5074\uff09\u4f86\u5e73\u8861\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002 \u5728\u5de6\u908a\u7684\u71d2\u676f\u4e2d\uff0c\u819c\u53f3\u5074\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u662f\u9ad8\u6ef2\u7684\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u53d7\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8abf\u7bc0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5916\u90e8\u6eb6\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff08\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u6db2\u4e2d\uff09\u7b49\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u6eb6\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff08\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u4e2d\uff09\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u3002 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6eb6\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u6eb6\u6db2\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u7b49\u5f35<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014isotonic\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u7b49\u5f35\u529b<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014equal tension\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u3002 \u7576\u7d30\u80de\u8207\u5176\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u74b0\u5883\u7b49\u6ef2\u6642\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u5916\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff08\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u7576\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u90e8\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6eb6\u8cea\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u6ef2\u900f<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014osmosis\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/span> \u6eb6\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u9ad8\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u9ad8\u5f35\u6eb6\u6db2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hypertonic solution\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u9ad8\u5f35\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff08\u5716 3.8\uff09\u3002 \u7576\u6c34\u901a\u904e\u6ef2\u900f\u4f5c\u7528\u96e2\u958b\u7d30\u80de\u6642\uff0c\u9ad8\u6ef2\u900f\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6703\u840e\u7e2e\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6eb6\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u4f4e\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u4f4e\u5f35\u6eb6\u6db2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hypotonic solution\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5f9e\u4f4e\u5f35\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u64f4\u6563\u51fa\u4f86\u3002 \u4f4e\u5f35\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6703\u5438\u6536\u904e\u591a\u7684\u6c34\u4e26\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u6709\u7834\u88c2\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5167\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u8655\u65bc\u7b49\u6ef2\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u3002 \u5404\u7a2e\u5668\u5b98\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u814e\u81df\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u7dad\u6301\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad4\u5167\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.07-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6235\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.07-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.07-webp-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u5716 3.8 \u6eb6\u6db2<strong>\u6fc3\u5ea6<br><\/strong> \u9ad8\u5f35\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6eb6\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u9ad8\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002 \u7b49\u5f35\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6eb6\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7b49\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002 \u4f4e\u5f35\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6eb6\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u4f4e\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u64f4\u6563\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u9694\u5ba4\u4e4b\u9593\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a5f\u5236\u662f<strong>\u904e\u6ffe<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014filtration\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u8207\u7269\u8cea\u5f9e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u904e\u6ffe\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u975c\u6c34\u58d3\u529b\u68af\u5ea6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hydrostatic pressure gradient\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5c07\u6d41\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u8cea\u5f9e\u9ad8\u58d3\u5340\u57df\u63a8\u5411\u4f4e\u58d3\u5340\u57df\u3002 \u904e\u6ffe\u662f\u9ad4\u5167\u6975\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5faa\u74b0\u7cfb\u7d71\u5229\u7528\u904e\u6ffe\u5c07\u8840\u6f3f\u548c\u7269\u8cea\u7a7f\u904e\u6bdb\u7d30\u8840\u7ba1\u5167\u76ae\u5c64\u4e26\u9032\u5165\u5468\u570d\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u71df\u990a\u3002 \u814e\u81df\u7684\u904e\u6ffe\u58d3\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f9e\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u6e05\u9664\u5ee2\u7269\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u904b\u8f38\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u4e0d\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u5e6b\u52a9\u7269\u8cea\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u819c\u86cb\u767d\u7121\u9700\u4f7f\u7528 ATP \u5373\u53ef\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u3002 <span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u5728\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cATP \u9700\u8981\u5c07\u7269\u8cea\u7a7f\u904e\u819c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8f09\u9ad4\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u9006\u5176\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u985e\u578b\u4e4b\u4e00\u6d89\u53ca\u5145\u7576\u5e6b\u6d66\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002 \u201c\u5e6b\u6d66<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014pump\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u60f3\u5230\u5229\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u7d66\u81ea\u884c\u8eca\u6216\u7c43\u7403\u7684\u8f2a\u80ce\u6253\u6c23\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u819c\u86cb\u767d\u9700\u8981\u4f86\u81ea ATP \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u8de8\u819c\u904b\u8f38\u7269\u8cea\uff08\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u96e2\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9006\u8457\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\uff08\u5f9e\u4f4e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5340\u57df\u5230\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5340\u57df\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9209\u9240\u5e6b\u6d66<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014sodium-potassium pump\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba Na+\/K+ ATP \u9176<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014Na+\/K+-ATPase\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5c07\u9209\u8f38\u9001\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5c07\u9240\u79fb\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u3002 Na+\/K+ \u5e6b\u6d66\u662f\u591a\u7a2e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u96e2\u5b50\u5e6b\u6d66\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5e6b\u6d66\u5728\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u7279\u5225\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u4e0d\u65b7\u5e6b\u6d66\u51fa\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u4e26\u5438\u5165\u9240\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u96fb\u68af\u5ea6\u3002 <strong>\u96fb\u68af\u5ea6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014electrical gradient\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c31\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u96fb\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u5167\u90e8\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5916\u90e8\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\uff08\u7d04 -70 mV\uff09\u3002 \u8ca0\u96fb\u68af\u5ea6\u5f97\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b Na+\/K+ \u5e6b\u6d66\u5c07\u4e09\u500b Na+ \u96e2\u5b50\u79fb\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5169\u500b K+ \u96e2\u5b50\u79fb\u5165\u6bcf\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 ATP \u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\uff08\u5716 3.9\uff09\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u5c0d\u65bc\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u4f86\u8aaa\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u4f54\u64da\u4e86\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de ATP \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1051\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.08-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6236\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.08-webp.webp 1051w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.08-webp-768x494.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1051px) 100vw, 1051px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.9 \u9209\u9240\u5e6b\u6d66 <\/strong><br>\u9209\u9240\u5e6b\u6d66\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u7d30\u80de\uff08\u8cea\uff09\u819c\u4e2d\u3002 \u5728 ATP \u7684\u9a45\u52d5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e6b\u6d66\u5c07\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u548c\u9240\u96e2\u5b50\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u9006\u8457\u5176\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u3002 \u5728\u5e6b\u6d66\u7684\u55ae\u500b\u5faa\u74b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u500b\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u88ab\u64e0\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u9240\u96e2\u5b50\u88ab\u8f38\u5165\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u5e6b\u6d66\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u52d5\u6216\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c07\u7269\u8cea\u8de8\u819c\u79fb\u52d5\u3002<\/span> \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9209\u9240\u5e6b\u6d66\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7dad\u6301\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7d30\u80de\u9700\u8981\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6253\u958b\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u9209\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u6703\u9a45\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u52d5\u50b3\u8f38\u5e6b\u6d66\uff08\u9209\u9240\u5e6b\u6d66\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u901a\u904e\u7522\u751f\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u70ba\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u88ab\u52d5\u50b3\u8f38\u63d0\u4f9b\u52d5\u529b\u3002 \u7576\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u904b\u8f38\u63d0\u4f9b\u52d5\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014secondary active transport\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u5411\u8f49\u904b\u8005<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014symporters\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6cbf\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52d5\u5169\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6b21\u7d1a\u4e3b\u52d5\u8f49\u904b\u8005\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9209-\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u540c\u5411\u8f49\u904b\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u5c07\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u201c\u62c9\u201d\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u5132\u5b58\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4f5c\u70ba\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u6fc3\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u9ad8\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9209\u9240\u5e6b\u6d66\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7576\u540c\u5411\u8f49\u904b\u86cb\u767d\u6253\u958b\u6642\uff0c\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u540c\u5411\u8f49\u904b\u8005\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u9006\u5176\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u7a7f\u904e\u540c\u5411\u8f49\u904b\u8005\u4e26\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u8f49\u904b\u8005<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014antiporters\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6cbf\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u8f49\u904b\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6b21\u7d1a\u4e3b\u52d5\u8f49\u904b\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9209-\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u53cd\u5411\u8f49\u904b\u8005\u5229\u7528\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u5411\u5167\u6e67\u5165\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5c07\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50 (H+) \u79fb\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u9209\u6c2b\u9006\u5411\u8f49\u904b\u8005\u7528\u65bc\u7dad\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u7684 pH \u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u819c\u8f09\u9ad4\u3002 <strong>\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014endocytosis\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u201c\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u201d\uff09\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u7269\u8cea\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u593e\u65b7\u8a72\u90e8\u5206\u819c\u4f86\u651d\u53d6\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff08\u5716 3.10\uff09\u3002 \u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u593e\u65b7\uff0c\u819c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u7269\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u56ca\u6ce1<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014intracellular vesicle\u3015<\/small>\u3002 <strong>\u56ca\u6ce1<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014vesicle\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u819c\u56ca<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014membranous sac\u3015<\/small>\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7a2e\u7531\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u819c\u5305\u570d\u7684\u7403\u5f62\u4e2d\u7a7a\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u3002 \u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5c07\u5fc5\u9808\u5206\u89e3\u6216\u6d88\u5316\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5e36\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u3002 <strong>\u541e\u566c\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phagocytosis\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u201c\u7d30\u80de\u541e\u566c\u201d\uff09\u662f\u5927\u9846\u7c92\u7684\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u8a31\u591a\u514d\u75ab\u7d30\u80de\u53c3\u8207\u541e\u566c\u5165\u4fb5\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u3002 \u5c31\u50cf\u5c0f\u5403\u8c46\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5de1\u908f\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u541e\u566c\u5b83\u5011\u4e26\u6d88\u5316\u5b83\u5011\u3002 \u8207\u541e\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c<strong>\u80de\u98f2\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong> <small class=\"mininote\">\u3014pinocytosis\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u201c\u7d30\u80de\u98f2\u7528\u201d\uff09\u5c07\u542b\u6709\u6eb6\u89e3\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u901a\u904e\u819c\u56ca\u6ce1\u5e36\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1051\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.09-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6237\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.09-webp.webp 1051w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.09-webp-768x494.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1051px) 100vw, 1051px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.10 \u4e09\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><br>\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7d30\u80de\u5229\u7528\u5176\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5305\u88f9\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7269\u8cea\u3002 (a) \u5728\u76f8\u5c0d\u975e\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u541e\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u651d\u5165\u5927\u9846\u7c92\u3002 (b) \u5728\u80de\u98f2\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u5438\u6536\u6db2\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u9846\u7c92\u3002 (c) \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53d7\u9ad4\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u3002 \u7576\u5916\u90e8\u53d7\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u914d\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u901a\u904e\u5167\u541e\u8a72\u914d\u9ad4\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u541e\u566c\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u80de\u98f2\u4f5c\u7528\u5438\u6536\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u5c0d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6c92\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u901a\u904e\u53d7\u9ad4\u4ecb\u5c0e\u7684\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528\u4f86\u8abf\u7bc0\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<strong> \u53d7\u9ad4\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014receptor-mediated endocytosis\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7531\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8a72\u90e8\u5206\u542b\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u5177\u6709\u7279\u7570\u6027\u7684\u53d7\u9ad4\u3002 \u4e00\u65e6\u8868\u9762\u53d7\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u8db3\u5920\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\uff08\u53d7\u9ad4\u7684\u914d\u9ad4<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014receptor\u2019s ligand\u3015<\/small>\uff09\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u5c31\u6703\u5167\u541e\u542b\u6709\u53d7\u9ad4-\u914d\u9ad4\u8907\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u9435\u662f\u8840\u7d05\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u5167\u541e\u3002 \u9435\u8207\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u8f49\u9435\u86cb\u767d<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014transferrin\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7d50\u5408\u3002 \u7d05\u8840\u7403\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8f49\u9435\u86cb\u767d\u53d7\u9ad4\u8207\u9435\u7684\u8f49\u9435\u86cb\u767d\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u541e\u53d7\u9ad4-\u914d\u9ad4\u8907\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8207\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c<strong>\u80de\u5410\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014exocytosis\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u201c\u5f9e\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u201d\uff09\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u5229\u7528\u56ca\u6ce1\u904b\u8f38\u8f38\u51fa\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff08\u5716 3.11\uff09\u3002 \u8a31\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u88fd\u9020\u5fc5\u9808\u5206\u6ccc\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u53e3\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5305\u88dd\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u819c\u7d50\u5408\u56ca\u6ce1<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014membrane-bound vesicles\u3015<\/small> \u4e2d\u3002 \u7576\u56ca\u6ce1\u819c\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u878d\u5408\u6642\uff0c\u56ca\u6ce1\u5c07\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u7269\u91cb\u653e\u5230\u9593\u8cea\u6db2\u4e2d\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u56ca\u6ce1\u819c\u6210\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u80c3\u548c\u80f0\u817a\u7d30\u80de\u901a\u904e\u80de\u5410\u4f5c\u7528\u7522\u751f\u548c\u5206\u6ccc\u6d88\u5316\u9176\uff08\u57163.12\uff09\u3002 \u5167\u5206\u6ccc\u7d30\u80de\u7522\u751f\u4e26\u5206\u6ccc\u8f38\u9001\u5230\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u6fc0\u7d20\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u514d\u75ab\u7d30\u80de\u7522\u751f\u4e26\u5206\u6ccc\u5927\u91cf\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014histamine\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"675\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.10-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6238\" style=\"object-fit:cover\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.11 \u80de\u5410\u4f5c\u7528 <\/strong><br>\u80de\u5410\u4f5c\u7528\u8207\u5167\u541e\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002 \u7528\u65bc\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u6750\u6599\u88ab\u5305\u88dd\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1\u4e2d\u3002 \u56ca\u6ce1\u819c\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u7269\u91cb\u653e\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.11-webp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6239\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.11-webp.webp 901w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01.11-webp-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.12 \u80f0\u817a\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u9176\u7522\u7269 <\/strong><br>\u80f0\u817a\u817a\u6ce1\u7d30\u80de\u7522\u751f\u4e26\u5206\u6ccc\u8a31\u591a\u6d88\u5316\u98df\u7269\u7684\u9176\u3002 \u8a72\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u9ed1\u8272\u9846\u7c92\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u9176\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\u56ca\u6ce1\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9176\u5c07\u901a\u904e\u80de\u5410\u4f5c\u7528\u5f9e\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u6392\u51fa\u3002 LM \u00d7 2900\u3002\uff08\u986f\u5fae\u7167\u7247\u7531\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u8463\u4e8b\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b \u00a9 2012\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-capbox cap_box\" data-colset=\"col3\"><div class=\"cap_box_ttl\"><span>\u75be\u75c5\u2026<\/span><\/div><div class=\"cap_box_content\">\n<p><strong>\u7d30\u80de\uff1a\u56ca\u6027\u7e96\u7dad\u5316<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014Cystic Fibrosis\u3015<\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u56ca\u6027\u7e96\u7dad\u5316 (CF) \u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u5927\u7d04 30,000 \u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5831\u544a\u5927\u7d04 1,000 \u4f8b\u65b0\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u907a\u50b3\u75c5\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u5c0d\u80ba\u90e8\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u547c\u5438\u56f0\u96e3\u548c\u6162\u6027\u80ba\u90e8\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u809d\u81df\u3001\u80f0\u817a\u548c\u8178\u9053\u3002 \u50c5\u5728\u5927\u7d04 50 \u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u60a3\u6709 CF \u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u9810\u5f8c\u975e\u5e38\u56b4\u5cfb\u2014\u2014\u9810\u671f\u58fd\u547d\u5f88\u5c11\u8d85\u904e 10 \u5e74\u3002 \u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u91ab\u7642\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u8a31\u591aCF\u60a3\u8005\u90fd\u6d3b\u5230\u4e8630\u591a\u6b72\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CF \u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u662f\u7531\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u56ca\u6027\u7e96\u7dad\u5316\u8de8\u819c\u96fb\u5c0e\u8abf\u7bc0\u56e0\u5b50<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator\u3015<\/small> (CFTR) \u7684\u819c\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u6545\u969c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0cCFTR \u86cb\u767d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u819c\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u5c07 Cl- \u96e2\u5b50\u8f49\u904b\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u5728\u60a3\u6709 CF \u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0cCFTR \u57fa\u56e0\u767c\u751f\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d30\u80de\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u901a\u9053\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u8a72\u86cb\u767d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u4f75\u5165\u819c\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u7d30\u80de\u964d\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CFTR \u9700\u8981 ATP \u624d\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176 Cl- \u904b\u8f38\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u9019\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u8b93\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Cl- \u96e2\u5b50\u5728\u88ab\u8f38\u9001\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u6642\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u6cbf\u8457\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u3002 \u4e3b\u52d5\u50b3\u8f38\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u9006\u8457\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u5e6b\u6d66\u9001\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46 CFTR \u662f\u8a72\u898f\u5247\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u80ba\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\uff0cCl- \u79fb\u52d5\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7dad\u6301\u5bcc\u542b Cl-\u3001\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002 \u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e0a\u76ae\u896f\u88e1\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u547c\u5438\u9053\u4e0a\u76ae\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u6ccc\u7c98\u6db2\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u6355\u7372\u7070\u5875\u3001\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u788e\u7247\u3002 \u7e96\u6bdb\uff08\u8907\u6578=\u7e96\u6bdb\uff09\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u4e0a\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u6bdb\u9aee\u72c0\u9644\u5c6c\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u4e0a\u76ae\u7d30\u80de\u4e0a\u7684\u7e96\u6bdb\u5c07\u7c98\u6db2\u53ca\u5176\u6355\u7372\u7684\u9846\u7c92\u6cbf\u6c23\u9053\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u80ba\u90e8\u4e26\u5411\u5916\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u7c98\u6db2\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u7c98\u7a20\uff1b \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\u7a00\u8584\u7684\u6c34\u72c0\u7a20\u5ea6\u3002 Cl\u2013 \u7684\u904b\u8f38\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u8ca0\u96fb\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u7dad\u6301\u5c07 Na+ \u7b49\u6b63\u96e2\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7a7a\u9593\u3002 Cl\u2013 \u548c Na+ \u96e2\u5b50\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u7a4d\u7d2f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5bcc\u542b\u6eb6\u8cea\u7684\u7c98\u6db2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002 \u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u6ef2\u900f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6c34\u5f9e\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8cea\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u7c98\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u201c\u7a00\u91cb\u201d\u3002 \u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c98\u6db2\u4fdd\u6301\u5145\u5206\u7a00\u91cb\u4ee5\u88ab\u6392\u51fa\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679cCFTR\u901a\u9053\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cCl-\u96e2\u5b50\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u4ee5\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u88ab\u8f38\u9001\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u5011\u5438\u5f15\u6b63\u96e2\u5b50\u3002 \u5206\u6ccc\u7684\u7c98\u6db2\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u96e2\u5b50\u5c0e\u81f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6c34\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c07\u6c34\u62c9\u5165\u7c98\u6db2\u7684\u6ef2\u900f\u58d3\u3002 \u7522\u751f\u7684\u7c98\u6db2\u53c8\u539a\u53c8\u7c98\uff0c\u7e96\u6bdb\u4e0a\u76ae\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c07\u5176\u5f9e\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u6e05\u9664\u3002 \u80ba\u90e8\u901a\u9053\u88ab\u7c98\u6db2\u53ca\u5176\u651c\u5e36\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5835\u585e\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u7d30\u83cc\u7d30\u80de\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5f9e\u80ba\u90e8\u5e36\u8d70\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-balloon_box2\">\u66f4\u65b0\u7d00\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_stripe\">2023\/09\/14 \u767c\u4f48\u672c\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-00\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-00\/\">\u2190\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-02\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-02\/\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u672c\u7bc0\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<br \/>\n\u2022 \u63cf\u8ff0\u69cb\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6210\u5206<br \/>\n\u2022 \u89e3\u91cb\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u548c\u7279\u6027<br \/>\n\u2022 \u5340\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u64f4\u6563\u7684\u6750\u6599<br \/>\n\u2022 \u6bd4\u8f03\u548c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u88ab\u52d5\u50b3\u8f38\u8207\u4e3b\u52d5\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6242,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lc_iscn_info":[],"swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6223"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6223"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6475,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6223\/revisions\/6475"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}