{"id":6620,"date":"2023-09-27T15:17:48","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T07:17:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=6620"},"modified":"2023-09-28T10:41:34","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T02:41:34","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-08","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-08\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7ae0\u7bc0\u56de\u9867\uff5c\u7b2c3\u7ae0 \u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5c64\u6b21 3.8\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"is-style-icon_pen\">\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65bc<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-03-color\">2023\u5e749\u670827\u65e5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-balloon\"><div class=\"c-balloon -bln-left\" data-col=\"blue\"><div class=\"c-balloon__icon -circle\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u771f\u4eba\u85dd\u7d20\u7167-tiny.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"c-balloon__iconImg\" width=\"80px\" height=\"80px\"><span class=\"c-balloon__iconName\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/div><div class=\"c-balloon__body -speaking -border-none\"><div class=\"c-balloon__text\">\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 <em><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-01-color\"><strong>Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" target=\"_blank\">\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<span class=\"c-balloon__shapes\"><span class=\"c-balloon__before\"><\/span><span class=\"c-balloon__after\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_grid\"><strong>\u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/3-chapter-review\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/3-chapter-review\">&lt;3&gt; The Cellular Level of Organization &nbsp;\u2014 Chapter Review<\/a><br><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u7d30\u80de\u819c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7d30\u80de\u819c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cell membrane\u3015<\/small>\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5468\u570d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c4f\u969c\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u6210\u5206\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u74b0\u5883\u5206\u958b\u3002 \u5b83\u7531\u78f7\u8102\u96d9\u5c64<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014phospholipid bilayer\u3015<\/small>\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u5167\u90e8\u8102\u8cea\u201c\u5c3e\u201d\u548c\u89aa\u6c34\u6027\u5916\u90e8\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d\u201c\u982d\u201d\u3002 \u5404\u7a2e<strong>\u819c\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014membrane proteins\u3015<\/small>\u6563\u4f48\u5728\u6574\u500b\u96d9\u5c64\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u63d2\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u9644\u8457\u5728\u5176\u5468\u570d\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5177\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u6ef2\u900f\u6027<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014selectively permeable\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u50c5\u5141\u8a31\u6709\u9650\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u64f4\u6563\u901a\u904e\u5176\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u7a7f\u904e\u819c\u7684\u6750\u6599\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u88ab\u52d5\uff08\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u91cf\uff09\u6216\u4e3b\u52d5\uff08\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u91cf\uff09\u50b3\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 \u5728\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u900f\u904e\u7c21\u55ae\u64f4\u6563\u6216\u900f\u904e\u819c\u7684\u4fc3\u9032\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u6cbf\u8457\u5176\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 \u6c34\u900f\u904e\u7a31\u70ba\u6ef2\u900f<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014osmosis\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u904e\u7a0b\u7a7f\u904e\u819c\u3002 \u5728\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u88ab\u6d88\u8017\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u7269\u8cea\u6cbf\u8457\u8207\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u7a7f\u904e\u819c\u3002 \u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5e6b\u88dc\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0b\u6216\u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u56ca\u6ce1\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-01\/\" target=\"_blank\">3.1 \u7d30\u80de\u819c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u5668<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d3b\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u7531\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u80de\u8cea\u6db2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cytosol\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u3001\u81a0\u72c0\u7269\u8cea\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6c34\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u542b\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u6eb6\u89e3\u7684\u71df\u990a\u7269\u8cea\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7d30\u80de\u5668<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cellular organelles\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u90fd\u57f7\u884c\u7368\u7279\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7dad\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u6d3b\u6027\u3002 \u80de\u8cea\u6db2\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u5171\u540c\u7d44\u6210\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\u7684<strong>\u7d30\u80de\u8cea<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cytoplasm\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u5927\u591a\u6578\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u90fd\u88ab\u985e\u4f3c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u819c\u5305\u570d\u3002 \u5167\u8cea\u7db2\uff08ER\uff09<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014endoplasmic reticulum\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u9ad8\u57fa\u6c0f\u9ad4<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014Golgi apparatus\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u6eb6\u9176\u9ad4<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lysosomes\u3015<\/small>\u5171\u4eab\u529f\u80fd\u9023\u63a5\uff0c\u7d71\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u5167\u819c\u7cfb\u7d71<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014endomembrane system\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u5167\u8cea\u7db2\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff1a\u5e73\u6ed1\u578b\u548c\u7c97\u7cd9\u578b\u3002 \u5149\u6ed1\u5167\u8cea\u7db2<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014smooth ER\u3015<\/small>\u57f7\u884c\u8a31\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8102\u8cea\u5408\u6210\u548c\u96e2\u5b50\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u7c97\u7cd9\u5167\u8cea\u7db2<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014rough ER\u3015<\/small>\u4e3b\u8981\u8ca0\u8cac\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u5408\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002 \u7c97\u7cd9\u5167\u8cea\u7db2<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014rough ER\u3015<\/small>\u5c07\u65b0\u7522\u751f\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u767c\u9001\u5230\u9ad8\u57fa\u6c0f\u9ad4\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u4fee\u98fe\u548c\u5305\u88dd\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f38\u9001\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u5916\u7684\u5404\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7522\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u9176\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5206\u89e3\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u6210\u6eb6\u9176\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d30\u80de\u4e5f\u542b\u6709<strong>\u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014mitochondria\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u9176\u9ad4<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014peroxisomes\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5206\u5225\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u301d\u7522\u751f\u7d30\u80de\u80fd\u91cf\u4f9b\u61c9\u301e\u548c\u301d\u89e3\u6bd2\u67d0\u4e9b\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u301e\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5668\u3002 \u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\u5c07\u80fd\u91cf\u651c\u5e36\u5206\u5b50\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u80fd\u91cf\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373 ATP\u3002 \u904e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u9176\u9ad4\u542b\u6709\u5c07\u81ea\u7531\u57fa<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014free radicals\u3015<\/small>\u7b49\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8cea\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u6c27\u6c23\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u9176\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u9084\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u578b\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u7d72\u201c\u9aa8\u67b6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014skeleton\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u6574\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u3002 \u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d72\u7d44\u6210\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e<strong>\u7d30\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cytoskeleton\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u6309\u539a\u5ea6\u905e\u589e\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\uff09\uff1a<strong>\u5fae\u7d72<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014microfilaments\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u4e2d\u9593\u7d72<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014intermediate filaments\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u5fae\u7ba1<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014microtubules\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u6210\u5206\u90fd\u57f7\u884c\u7368\u7279\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6490\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-02\/\">3.2 \u7d30\u80de\u8cea<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-02\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u548c\u7d30\u80de<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-02\/\">\u5668<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 \u7d30\u80de\u6838\u548cDNA\u8907\u88fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7d30\u80de\u6838<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nucleus\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7d30\u80de\u5c07\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6750\u6599\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u6307\u4ee4\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u6838\u88ab\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u5169\u500b\u4e26\u6392\u4e92\u9023\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u96d9\u5c64\u819c\u5167\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u6838\u819c\uff08\u6838\u88ab\u819c\uff09<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nuclear envelope\u3015<\/small>\u4f48\u6eff\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5b54\uff0c\u8b93\u7269\u8cea\u9032\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u6838\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b<strong>\u6838\u4ec1<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014nucleoli\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4f4d\u9ede\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u542b\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8cea\uff1aDNA\u3002 DNA \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5167\u4e00\u7a2e\u9b06\u6563\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u67d3\u8272\u8cea<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014chromatin\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\u5b83\u88ab\u6372\u8d77\u4e26\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u7d44\u7e54\u86cb\u767d<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014histone proteins\u3015<\/small>\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u3002 \u7576\u7d30\u80de\u5373\u5c07\u5206\u88c2\u6642\uff0c\u67d3\u8272\u8cea\u7dca\u5bc6\u6372\u66f2\u4e26\u51dd\u7e2e\u5f62\u6210<strong>\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014chromosomes\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u7684\u9ad4\u5167\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e0d\u65b7\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u7d50\u679c\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6578\u5341\u5104\u500b\u65b0\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7d30\u80de\u6e96\u5099\u5206\u88c2\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u8907\u88fd\u5176 DNA\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6bcf\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u526f\u672c\u3002 DNA \u8907\u88fd\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u591a\u7a2e\u9176\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u9176\u89e3\u958b DNA \u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5206\u96e2\u6210\u5169<strong>\u80a1<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014strands\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u4e26\u5354\u52a9\u6cbf\u8457\u6bcf\u689d\u6bcd\u93c8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e92\u88dc\u80a1\u3002 \u539f\u59cb DNA \u80a1\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e26\u5408\u6210\u65b0\u80a1\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u3002 \u7576\u8907\u88fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5169\u500b\u76f8\u540c\u7684 DNA \u5206\u5b50\u3002 \u6bcf\u4e00\u689d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u689d\u539f\u59cb\u80a1\u548c\u4e00\u689d\u65b0\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4e92\u88dc\u80a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-03\/\">3.3 \u7d30\u80de\u6838\u548c DNA \u8907\u88fd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4 \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5408\u6210<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>DNA \u5132\u5b58\u301d\u5f15\u5c0e\u7d30\u80de\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u301e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u5229\u7528 DNA \u4e2d\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5bc6\u78bc\u5efa\u69cb\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u907a\u50b3\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6cbf\u8457 DNA \u5206\u5b50\u69cb\u6210\u6bcf\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5e8f\u5217<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014particular sequence of nucleotides\u3015<\/small>\u4e2d\u3002 \u82e5\u8981 \u201c\u8b80\u53d6<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014read\u3015<\/small>\u201d \u6b64\u5bc6\u78bc\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u5fc5\u9808\u57f7\u884c\u5169\u500b\u9023\u7e8c\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8f49\u9304<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014transcription\u3015<\/small>\uff0cDNA \u4ee3\u78bc\u88ab\u8f49\u63db\u70ba RNA \u4ee3\u78bc\u3002 \u8207\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u4e92\u88dc\u7684\u4fe1\u4f7f RNA \u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc DNA \u8907\u88fd\u3002 mRNA \u5206\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u3002 \u5728\u7ffb\u8b6f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cmRNA \u9644\u8457\u5728\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u4e0a\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0ctRNA \u5206\u5b50\u5c07\u9069\u7576\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u4e00\u4e00\u904b\u9001\u5230\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\uff0c\u7531 mRNA \u4e0a\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u4e09\u806f\u9ad4\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014triplet codons\u3015<\/small>\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\uff0cmRNA \u5f9e\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\u3002 \u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u591a\u500b\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u540c\u6642\u9644\u8457\u5728\u55ae\u4e00 mRNA \u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u5f9e mRNA \u88fd\u9020\u591a\u7a2e\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-04\/\" target=\"_blank\">3.4 \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5408\u6210<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.5 \u7d30\u80de\u751f\u9577\u548c\u5206\u88c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7531\u69cb\u6210<strong>\u7d30\u80de\u9031\u671f<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cell cycle\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u51fa\u751f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u81ea\u6211\u8907\u88fd\u4e26\u7522\u751f\u5b50\u7d30\u80de\u4e4b\u524d\u6703\u7d93\u6b77\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u9593\u671f<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014interphase\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u6b64\u9593\u671f\u5305\u62ec\u5169\u500b<strong>\u9593\u9699\u671f<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014gap phases\u3015<\/small>\uff08G1 \u548c G2\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u500b S \u671f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u9593 DNA \u9032\u884c\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u70ba\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u505a\u6e96\u5099\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u9031\u671f\u53d7\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u5916\u5316\u5b78\u4fe1\u4f7f\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u8abf\u7bc0\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4fe1\u4f7f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7684 \u201c\u505c\u6b62<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014stop\u3015<\/small>\u201d \u548c \u201c\u958b\u59cb<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014go\u3015<\/small>\u201d \u8a0a\u865f\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u5931\u6557\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d30\u80de\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u764c\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u7d30\u80de\u5b8c\u6210\u9593\u671f\u4e26\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u9032\u884c\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u7d93\u6b77\u56db\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<strong>\u6709\u7d72\u5206\u88c2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014mitosis\u3015<\/small>\u968e\u6bb5\uff08\u524d\u671f<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014prophase\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u4e2d\u671f<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014metaphase\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u5f8c\u671f<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014anaphase\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u672b\u671f<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014telophase\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u3002 \u672b\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u662f<strong>\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5206\u88c2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014division of the cytoplasm\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5206\u88c2<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cytokinesis\u3015<\/small>\uff09\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u5169\u500b\u5b50\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u767c\u751f\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7522\u751f\u5375\u5b50\u548c\u7cbe\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-05\/\" target=\"_blank\">3.5 \u7d30\u80de\u751f\u9577\u548c\u5206\u88c2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.6 \u7d30\u80de\u5206\u5316<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u301d\u7d30\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u7279\u5316<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014specialize\u3015<\/small>\u4ee5\u5448\u73fe\u5176\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u301e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u90fd\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u3002 <strong>\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u5316<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cell differentiation\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u96a8\u8457\u8eab\u9ad4\u767c\u80b2\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u7279\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 <strong>\u5e79\u7d30\u80de<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014stem cell\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u7279\u5316\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u9700\u8981\u7121\u9650\u5236\u5730\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5316\u70ba\u7279\u5316\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u4f9d\u5176\u5206\u5316\u6f5b\u529b\u5206\u70ba\u5e7e\u985e\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u6240\u6709\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014somatic cells\u3015<\/small>\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u985e\u578b\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7d66\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u50c5\u8868\u9054\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6700\u7d42\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5f62\u614b\u548c\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 \u6c7a\u5b9a\u301d\u54ea\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u73fe\u301e\u3001\u301d\u54ea\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0d\u8868\u73fe\u301e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f49\u9304\u56e0\u5b50\u86cb\u767d<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014transcription factor proteins\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u86cb\u767d\u8207 DNA \u7d50\u5408\u4e26\u4fc3\u9032\u6216\u963b\u7919\u4e0d\u540c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8f49\u9304\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u8f49\u9304\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u7279\u5316\u70ba\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u6578\u767e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7d30\u80de\u985e\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: inherit; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: collapse;\" href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-06\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-06\/\" target=\"_blank\">3.6 \u7d30\u80de\u5206\u5316<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-balloon_box2\">\u66f4\u65b0\u7d00\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_stripe\">2023\/09\/27 \u767c\u4f48\u672c\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-07\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-03-07\/\">\u2190\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-00\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-00\/\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u56de\u9867\u4e86\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5c64\u6b21\u5404\u7bc0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6634,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lc_iscn_info":[],"swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6620"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6620"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6670,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6620\/revisions\/6670"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}