{"id":6811,"date":"2023-10-05T10:37:54","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T02:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=6811"},"modified":"2023-10-17T13:48:23","modified_gmt":"2023-10-17T05:48:23","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-04\/","title":{"rendered":"\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u904b\u52d5\uff5c\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u00a0\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5c64\u6b21 4.4\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7531\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65bc2023\u5e7410\u670805\u65e5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><4> The Tissue Level of Organization  \u2014 4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion<\/a>
\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong>\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ae0\u7bc0\u76ee\u6a19<\/strong><\/span><\/div>
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\u5b78\u7fd2\u672c\u7bc0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • \u8fa8\u8b58\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u6bd4\u8f03\u548c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u6bcf\u7a2e\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u985e\u578b\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u89e3\u91cb\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u904b\u52d5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u5167\u5bb9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u301d\u5141\u8a31\u904b\u52d5\u301e\u3002 \u808c\u8089\u7d30\u80de\u5177\u6709\u301d\u8208\u596e\u6027\u301e\uff1b \u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u523a\u6fc0\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u5177\u6709\u301d\u6536\u7e2e\u6027\u301e\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e2e\u77ed\u4e26\u7522\u751f\u62c9\u529b\u3002 \u7576\u9023\u63a5\u5728\u5169\u500b\u53ef\u79fb\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\uff08\u5373\u9aa8\u982d\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u6642\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u7684\u6536\u7e2e\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u9aa8\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 <\/span>\u6709\u4e9b\u808c\u8089\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u96a8\u610f\u7684<\/strong>\u3014voluntary\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u53d7\u5230\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6253\u958b\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u4e26\u95b1\u8b80\u6709\u95dc\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u4e0d\u96a8\u610f\u7684<\/strong>\u3014involuntary\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u53d7\u610f\u8b58\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u77b3\u5b54\u5728\u5f37\u5149\u4e0b\u6536\u7e2e\u3002 \u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u4f9d\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u985e\uff1a\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c<\/strong>\u3014skeletal\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u5fc3\u808c<\/strong>\u3014cardiac\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u5e73\u6ed1\u808c<\/strong>\u3014smooth\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u88684.2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u7d44\u7e54<\/th>\u7d44\u7e54\u5b78<\/th>\u529f\u80fd<\/th>\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u9aa8\u9abc\u808c<\/td>\u9577\u5713\u67f1\u5f62\u7e96\u7dad\u3001\u6709\u689d\u7d0b\u3001\u8a31\u591a\u4f4d\u65bc\u5468\u570d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6838<\/td>\u96a8\u610f\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u7522\u751f\u71b1\u91cf\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u5668\u5b98<\/td>\u9644\u8457\u5728\u9aa8\u982d\u4e0a\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5165\u53e3\u9ede\u5468\u570d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5634\u5df4\u3001\u809b\u9580\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
    \u5fc3\u808c<\/td>\u77ed\u3001\u200b\u200b\u5206\u679d\u3001\u689d\u7d0b\u3001\u55ae\u4e2d\u592e\u6838<\/td>\u6536\u7e2e\u53bb\u5e6b\u88dc\u8840\u6db2<\/td>\u5fc3\u81df<\/td><\/tr>
    \u5e73\u6ed1\u808c<\/td>\u77ed\u3001\u7d21\u9318\u5f62\u3001\u7121\u660e\u986f\u689d\u7d0b\u3001\u6bcf\u689d\u7e96\u7dad\u55ae\u500b\u6838<\/td>\u4e0d\u96a8\u610f\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u98df\u7269\u3001\u4e0d\u96a8\u610f\u63a7\u5236\u547c\u5438\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\u3001\u900f\u904e\u6536\u7e2e\u8abf\u7bc0\u52d5\u8108\u4e2d\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u6d41\u52d5<\/td>\u4e3b\u8981\u5668\u5b98\u548c\u901a\u9053\u7684\u58c1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
    \u88684.2 <\/strong>
    \u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u7279\u6027\u6bd4\u8f03<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u9aa8\u9abc\u808c<\/strong>\u3014skeletal muscle\u3015<\/small>\u9644\u8457\u5728\u9aa8\u982d\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6536\u7e2e\u4f7f\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3014locomotion\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u81c9\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\u3001\u59ff\u52e2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u96a8\u610f\u904b\u52d5\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 <\/span>\u4f60\u8eab\u9ad4\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u56db\u5341\u7531\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u6536\u7e2e\u6642\u7522\u751f\u71b1\u91cf\u4f5c\u70ba\u526f\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53c3\u8207\u71b1\u7684\u9ad4\u5167\u5e73\u8861\u3014thermal homeostasis\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u986b\u6296\u3014shivering\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u5c0d\u301d\u4f4e\u65bc\u6b63\u5e38\u9ad4\u6eab\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u301e\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u96a8\u610f\u6536\u7e2e\u3002 \u808c\u8089\u7d30\u80de\u3014muscle cell\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u6216\u808c\u8089\u7d30\u80de<\/strong>\u3014myocyte\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u80da\u5c64\u7684\u808c\u6bcd\u7d30\u80de\u3014myoblasts\u3015<\/small>\u767c\u80b2\u800c\u4f86\u3002 \u808c\u8089\u7d30\u80de\u53ca\u5176\u6578\u91cf\u5728\u6574\u500b\u751f\u547d\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u5c0d\u6046\u5b9a\u3002 \u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7d44\u7e54\u6392\u5217\u6210\u675f\uff0c\u5468\u570d\u6709\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u3002 \u5728\u5149\u5b78\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e0b\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u7d30\u80de\u5448\u73fe\u689d\u7d0b\u72c0\uff0c\u6cbf\u8457\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u64e0\u58d3\u8457\u8a31\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002 \u689d\u7d0b<\/strong>\u3014striation\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u301d\u6536\u7e2e\u86cb\u767d\u3014contractile proteins\u3015<\/small>\u808c\u52d5\u86cb\u767d\u3014actin\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u808c\u7403\u86cb\u767d\u3014myosin\u3015<\/small>\u301e\u4ee5\u53ca\u301d\u5c07\u6536\u7e2e\u86cb\u767d\u8026\u5408\u5230\u3014couple\u3015<\/small>\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u86cb\u767d\u3014structural proteins\u3015<\/small>\u301e\u7684\u898f\u5247\u4ea4\u66ff\u6240\u81f4\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u808c\u6bcd\u7d30\u80de\u6703\u878d\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u6bcf\u689d\u9577\u808c\u7e96\u7dad\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u5177\u6709\u591a\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5fc3\u808c<\/strong>\u3014cardiac muscle\u3015<\/small>\u5f62\u6210\u5fc3\u81df\u7684\u6536\u7e2e\u58c1\u3002<\/span> \u5fc3\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u3014cells of cardiac muscle\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u7a31\u70ba\u5fc3\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u3014cardiomyocytes\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u5728\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e0b\u4e5f\u6703\u5448\u73fe\u689d\u7d0b\u72c0\u3002 \u8207\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7e96\u7dad\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5fc3\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u662f\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u55ae\u4e00\u4f4d\u65bc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002 \u5fc3\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u301d\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u90e8\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5167\u5728\u7bc0\u5f8b\u3014intrinsic rhythms\u3015<\/small>\u6536\u7e2e\u301e\u3002 \u5fc3\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u900f\u904e\u7a31\u70ba\u9593\u76e4<\/strong>\u3014intercalated discs\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7d30\u80de\u9023\u63a5\u76f8\u4e92\u9644\u8457\u3002 \u9593\u76e4\u5177\u6709\u9328\u5b9a\u9023\u63a5\u3014anchoring junctions\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u9593\u9699\u9023\u63a5\u3014gap junctions\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u9644\u8457\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5f62\u6210\u9577\u7684\u3001\u5206\u652f\u7684\u5fc3\u808c\u7e96\u7dad\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u548c\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u5408\u80de\u9ad4\u3014syncytium\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u7d30\u80de\u80fd\u540c\u6b65\u5176\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u5fc3\u808c\u5c07\u8840\u6db2\u5e6b\u88dc\u5165\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u4e26\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u96a8\u610f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002 \u5728\u5fc3\u9031\u671f\u3014cardiac cycle\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u58d3\u529b\u8b8a\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u9644\u8457\u9023\u63a5\u3014attachment junctions\u3015<\/small>\u5c07\u76f8\u9130\u7d30\u80de\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5e73\u6ed1\u808c<\/strong>\u3014smooth muscle\u3015<\/small>\u7d44\u7e54\u6536\u7e2e\u8ca0\u8cac\u5167\u81df\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u4e0d\u96a8\u610f\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/span> \u5b83\u69cb\u6210\u6d88\u200b\u200b\u5316\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u6ccc\u5c3f\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u751f\u6b96\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c23\u9053\u548c\u52d5\u8108\u7684\u6536\u7e2e\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u5448\u7d21\u9318\u5f62\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u55ae\u4e00\u7d30\u80de\u6838\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u689d\u7d0b\uff08\u5716 4.18\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n
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    \"\"
    \u5716 4.18 \u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54<\/strong>
    (a) \u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5468\u570d\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u689d\u7d0b\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002 (b) \u5e73\u6ed1\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u5177\u6709\u55ae\u4e00\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u689d\u7d0b\u3002 (c) \u5fc3\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u5448\u6a6b\u7d0b\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u55ae\u4e00\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002 \uff08\u986f\u5fae\u7167\u7247\u7531\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u8463\u4e8b\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b \u00a9 2012\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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    \u66f4\u65b0\u7d00\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2023\/10\/05 \u767c\u4f48\u672c\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u2190\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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