{"id":7021,"date":"2023-10-12T23:09:37","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T15:09:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=7021"},"modified":"2023-10-17T13:47:32","modified_gmt":"2023-10-17T05:47:32","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-06","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-06\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7d44\u7e54\u640d\u50b7\u8207\u8001\u5316\uff5c\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u00a0\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5c64\u6b21 4.6\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7531\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65bc2023\u5e7410\u670812\u65e5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n \u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n \u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><4> The Tissue Level of Organization \u2014 4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging<\/a> \u5b78\u7fd2\u672c\u7bc0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6240\u6709\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u50b7\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6703\u8001\u5316\u3002 \u5728\u524d\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u7d44\u7e54\u5982\u4f55\u61c9\u5c0d\u640d\u50b7\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5c0e\u5e6b\u52a9\u4fee\u5fa9\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/span>\u3002 \u5728\u5f8c\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u8001\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5c0b\u627e\u6e1b\u5c11\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u767c\u708e<\/strong>\u3014inflammation\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c0d\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u751f\u7269\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6216\u8f3b\u5c04\u71d2\u50b7\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u640d\u50b7\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u9806\u5e8f\u7684\u751f\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 \u767c\u708e\u9650\u5236\u640d\u50b7\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u640d\u50b7\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e26\u555f\u52d5\u53d7\u640d\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u4fee\u5fa9\u548c\u518d\u751f\u3002<\/span> \u58de\u6b7b<\/strong>\u3014necrosis\u3015<\/small>\u6216\u610f\u5916\u7d30\u80de\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u767c\u708e\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u51cb\u4ea1<\/strong>\u3014apoptosis\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u7d30\u80de\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6703\u7834\u58de\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u4ecd\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u51cb\u4ea1\u4e0d\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u767c\u708e\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6025\u6027\u767c\u708e\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7652\u5408\u800c\u6d88\u9000\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u767c\u708e\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u6162\u6027\u4e26\u5c0e\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/span> \u95dc\u7bc0\u708e\u3014arthritis\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u7d50\u6838\u75c5\u3014tuberculosis\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6162\u6027\u767c\u708e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u5f8c\u7db4 \u201c-itis\u201d \u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u5668\u5b98\u6216\u985e\u578b\u7684\u708e\u75c7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8179\u819c\u708e\u3014peritonitis\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u8179\u819c\u7684\u708e\u75c7\uff0c\u8166\u819c\u708e\u3014meningitis\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6307\u8166\u819c\uff08\u570d\u7e5e\u4e2d\u6a1e\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5805\u97cc\u819c\uff09\u7684\u708e\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u767c\u708e\u7684\u56db\u7a2e\u4e3b\u8981\u75c7\u72c0\u2014\u2014\u7d05\u3001\u816b\u3001\u75db\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u767c\u71b1<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u88ab\u8a18\u9304\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002 \u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u51f1\u723e\u8607\u65af\u3008Cornelius Celsus\u3009\u5c31\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u6642\u671f\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u8de1\u8c61\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e94\u500b\u75c7\u72c0\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u55aa\u5931\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f34\u96a8\u767c\u708e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7d44\u7e54\u640d\u50b7\u5f8c\uff0c\u53d7\u640d\u7d30\u80de\u6703\u91cb\u653e\u767c\u708e\u5316\u5b78\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u559a\u8d77\u5c40\u90e8\u8840\u7ba1\u8212\u5f35<\/strong>\u3014vasodilation\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5373\u8840\u7ba1\u64f4\u5f35\u3002 \u8840\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u660e\u986f\u7684\u767c\u7d05\u548c\u767c\u71b1\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u61c9\u5c0d\u640d\u50b7\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u7684\u80a5\u5927\u7d30\u80de\u812b\u7c92\u3014degranulate\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u64f4\u5f35\u5291\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa<\/strong>\u3014potent vasodilator histamine\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u8840\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u767c\u708e\u4ecb\u8cea\u5c07\u767d\u8840\u7403\u52df\u96c6\u5230\u767c\u708e\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002 \u5728\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u767c\u708e\u4ecb\u8cea\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u8840\u7ba1\u5167\u896f\u7684\u5167\u76ae\u3014endothelium\u3015<\/small>\u8b8a\u5f97 \u201c\u6ef2\u6f0f\u3014leaky\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u55dc\u4e2d\u6027\u7403\u3014neutrophils\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u5de8\u566c\u7d30\u80de\u3014macrophages\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u6db2\u9ad4\u5f9e\u8840\u6db2\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u9593\u8cea\u7d44\u7e54\u7a7a\u9593\u3014interstitial tissue spaces\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u904e\u591a\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u816b\u8139\uff0c\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u7a31\u70ba\u6c34\u816b\u3014edema\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u816b\u8139\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u64e0\u58d3\u75bc\u75db\u611f\u53d7\u5668\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002 \u53d7\u640d\u7d30\u80de\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20\u4e5f\u6703\u6d3b\u5316\u75bc\u75db\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u3002 \u975e\u985e\u56fa\u9187\u6297\u767c\u708e\u85e5\uff08NSAID\uff09\u3014Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs\u3015<\/small>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u8f15\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u6291\u5236\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7d20\u3014prostaglandins\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002 \u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684NSAIDs\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u8f15\u767c\u708e\u3002 \u6297\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa\u85e5\u7269\u3014Antihistamines\u3015<\/small>\u900f\u904e\u963b\u65b7\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa\u53d7\u9ad4\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u904e\u654f\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u63a7\u5236\u640d\u50b7\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u4fee\u5fa9\u968e\u6bb5\u5f9e\u6e05\u9664\u6bd2\u7d20\u548c\u5ee2\u7269\u958b\u59cb\u3002 \u51dd\u8840<\/strong>\u3014Clotting\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u51dd\u8840\u3014coagulation\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u53ef\u6e1b\u5c11\u53d7\u640d\u8840\u7ba1\u7684\u5931\u8840\uff0c\u4e26\u5f62\u6210\u7e96\u7dad\u86cb\u767d\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u6355\u6349\u8840\u7403\u4e26\u5c07\u50b7\u53e3\u908a\u7de3\u9ecf\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u51dd\u584a\u4e7e\u71e5\u5f8c\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u75c2<\/strong>\u3014scab\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u611f\u67d3\u98a8\u96aa\u3002 \u6709\u6642\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u767d\u8840\u7403\u548c\u7a31\u70ba\u81bf\u6db2\u3014pus\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6703\u7a4d\u805a\u5728\u50b7\u53e3\u4e2d\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u7652\u5408\u7684\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u5468\u570d\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7e96\u7dad\u6bcd\u7d30\u80de\u3014fibroblasts\u3015<\/small>\u53d6\u4ee3\u56e0\u640d\u50b7\u800c\u640d\u5931\u7684\u81a0\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7269\u8cea\u3002 \u8840\u7ba1\u751f\u6210<\/strong>\u3014angiogenesis\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u5373\u65b0\u8840\u7ba1\u7684\u751f\u9577\uff09\u5c0e\u81f4\u7a31\u70ba\u8089\u82bd\u7d44\u7e54\u3014granulation tissue\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u65b0\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u5316\u3002 \u51dd\u584a\u6536\u7e2e\uff0c\u5c07\u50b7\u53e3\u908a\u7de3\u62c9\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e26\u96a8\u8457\u7d44\u7e54\u4fee\u5fa9\u800c\u6162\u6162\u6eb6\u89e3\u3002 \u7576\u5927\u91cf\u8089\u82bd\u7d44\u7e54\u5f62\u6210\u4e14\u6bdb\u7d30\u8840\u7ba1\u6d88\u5931\u6642\uff0c\u7652\u5408\u5340\u57df\u5e38\u5e38\u53ef\u898b\u84bc\u767d\u7684\u75a4\u75d5\u3002 \u4e00\u7d1a\u7652\u5408<\/strong>\u3014primary union\u3015<\/small>\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u908a\u7de3\u9760\u8fd1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u50b7\u53e3\u7652\u5408\u3002 \u7576\u50b7\u53e3\u88c2\u958b\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\u624d\u80fd\u7528\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u81a0\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u91cd\u65b0\u586b\u5145\u8a72\u5340\u57df\u3002 \u7576\u50b7\u53e3\u908a\u7de3\u900f\u904e\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u50b7\u53e3\u6536\u7e2e<\/strong>\u3014wound contraction\u3015<\/small>\u62c9\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u7a31\u70ba\u4e8c\u7d1a\u7652\u5408<\/strong>\u3014secondary union\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/span> \u7576\u50b7\u53e3\u6df1\u5ea6\u8d85\u904e\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u82f1\u5bf8\u6642\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u7e2b\u5408\u3014sutures\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u7e2b\u5408\u3014stitches\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u4e3b\u8981\u7652\u5408\u4e26\u907f\u514d\u5f62\u6210\u6bc0\u5bb9\u75a4\u75d5\u3002 \u518d\u751f\u3014regeneration\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\u8207\u53d7\u50b7\u7d30\u80de\u76f8\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u65b0\u7d30\u80de\uff08\u5716 4.21\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong>\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7d44\u7e54\u640d\u50b7\u8207\u4fee\u5fa9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n