{"id":7056,"date":"2023-10-13T14:18:52","date_gmt":"2023-10-13T06:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=7056"},"modified":"2023-10-17T13:46:37","modified_gmt":"2023-10-17T05:46:37","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-08","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-08\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7ae0\u7bc0\u56de\u9867\uff5c\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u00a0\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5c64\u6b21 4.8\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"is-style-icon_pen\">\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65bc<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-03-color\">2023\u5e7410\u670813\u65e5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-balloon\"><div class=\"c-balloon -bln-left\" data-col=\"blue\"><div class=\"c-balloon__icon -circle\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u771f\u4eba\u85dd\u7d20\u7167-tiny.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"c-balloon__iconImg\" width=\"80px\" height=\"80px\"><span class=\"c-balloon__iconName\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/div><div class=\"c-balloon__body -speaking -border-none\"><div class=\"c-balloon__text\">\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 <em><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-01-color\"><strong>Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" target=\"_blank\">\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<span class=\"c-balloon__shapes\"><span class=\"c-balloon__before\"><\/span><span class=\"c-balloon__after\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_grid\"><strong>\u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/4-chapter-review\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/4-chapter-review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&lt;4&gt; The Tissue Level of Organization &nbsp;\u2014 Chapter Review<\/a><br><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u7d44\u7e54\u985e\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u9ad4\u542b\u6709200\u591a\u7a2e\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff1a\u4e0a\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\u3002 \u4e0a\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54\u5145\u7576\u8986\u84cb\u7269\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u6574\u5408\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5404\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u70ba\u5668\u5b98\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6490\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002 \u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u4f7f\u8eab\u9ad4\u80fd\u5920\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 \u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\u50b3\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u548c\u6392\u5217\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u7d44\u7e54\u5b78<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014histology\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u80da\u5c64\uff1a\u5916\u80da\u5c64\u3001\u4e2d\u80da\u5c64\u548c\u5167\u80da\u5c64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5f62\u6210\u5305\u570d\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u819c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5668\u5b98\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7121\u6469\u64e6\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5668\u5b98\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 <strong>\u6ed1\u819c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014synovial membranes\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u548c\u896f\u65bc\u95dc\u7bc0\u7684\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u819c\u3002 \u4e0a\u76ae\u819c\u7531\u9644\u8457\u65bc\u4e00\u5c64\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u4e0a\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54\u5f62\u6210\u3002 \u4e0a\u76ae\u819c\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a <strong>\u9ecf\u819c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014mucous membranes\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u542b\u817a\u9ad4\uff1b <strong>\u6f3f\u819c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014serous membranes\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5206\u6ccc\u6db2\u9ad4\uff1b \u548c\u69cb\u6210\u76ae\u819a<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014skin\u3015<\/small>\u7684<strong>\u76ae\u819a<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cutaneous\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-01\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-01\/\">4.1 \u7d44\u7e54\u985e\u578b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u4e0a\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u7dca\u5bc6\u5806\u7a4d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c07\u4e0a\u76ae\u8207\u4e0b\u5c64\u7d44\u7e54\u5206\u958b\u7684\u57fa\u5e95\u677f\u5916\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u6216\u6c92\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8cea\u3002 \u4e0a\u76ae\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u8986\u84cb\u3001\u5206\u6ccc\u548c\u6392\u6cc4\u3001\u5438\u6536\u548c\u904e\u6ffe\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u900f\u904e<strong>\u7dca\u5bc6\u9023\u63a5<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014tight junctions\u3015<\/small>\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ef2\u900f\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9593\u9699\u9023\u63a5<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014gap junctions\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u9328\u5b9a\u9023\u63a5<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014anchoring junctions\u3015<\/small>\u4f86\u9023\u63a5\uff0c<strong>\u9593\u9699\u9023\u63a5<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014gap junctions\u3015<\/small>\u5141\u8a31\u7d30\u80de\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c<strong>\u9328\u5b9a\u9023\u63a5<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014anchoring junctions\u3015<\/small>\u5c07\u301d\u7d30\u80de\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u301e\u6216\u301d\u7d30\u80de\u8207\u57fa\u8cea\u301e\u9023\u63a5\u3002 \u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4e0a\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54\u4ee5\u5176\u7d30\u80de\u5f62\u72c0\u548c\u6392\u5217\u70ba\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\u9c57\u72c0\u3001\u7acb\u65b9\u72c0\u6216\u67f1\u72c0\u4e0a\u76ae\u3002 \u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u5c64\u5f62\u6210<strong>\u55ae\u5c64\u4e0a\u76ae<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014simple epithelia\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u800c\u5806\u758a\u7d30\u80de\u5f62\u6210<strong>\u8907\u5c64\u4e0a\u76ae<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014stratified epithelia\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u6bdb\u7d30\u8840\u7ba1\u7a7f\u900f\u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u817a\u9ad4<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014glands\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e0a\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u3002 <strong>\u5916\u5206\u6ccc\u817a<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014exocrine glands\u3015<\/small>\u7d93\u7531\u5c0e\u7ba1\u91cb\u653e\u5176\u7522\u7269\u3002 <strong>\u5167\u5206\u6ccc\u817a<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014endocrine glands\u3015<\/small>\u5c07\u6fc0\u7d20\u76f4\u63a5\u5206\u6ccc\u5230\u7d44\u7e54\u6db2\u548c\u8840\u6d41\u4e2d\u3002 \u817a\u9ad4\u6839\u64da\u5206\u6ccc\u985e\u578b\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\u3002 <strong>\u5c40\u6ccc\u817a<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014merocrine glands\u3015<\/small>\u5728\u5408\u6210\u6642\u5206\u6ccc\u7522\u7269\u3002 <strong>\u9802\u6ccc\u817a<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014apocrine glands\u3015<\/small>\u900f\u904e\u593e\u65b7\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u9802\u7aef\u90e8\u5206\u4f86\u91cb\u653e\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\uff0c\u800c<strong>\u5168\u6ccc\u817a<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014holocrine gland\u3015<\/small>\u7d30\u80de\u5247\u5132\u5b58\u5176\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7834\u88c2\u4e26\u91cb\u653e\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u7269\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u6210\u70ba\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-02\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-02\/\">4.2 \u4e0a\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u652f\u6301\u8207\u4fdd\u8b77<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7570\u8cea\u7d44\u7e54<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014heterogeneous tissue\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u7d30\u80de\u5f62\u72c0\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u7d50\u69cb\u3002 \u5f9e\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u301d\u5d4c\u5165\u7531\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8cea\u4e2d\u301e\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8cea\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u7269\u7406\u4f48\u5c40\u5728\u7d44\u7e54\u4e4b\u9593\u5dee\u7570\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u5206\u9694\u4e26\u7de9\u885d\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u5b83\u5011\u514d\u53d7\u79fb\u4f4d\u6216\u5275\u50b7\u3002 \u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5354\u52a9\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u904b\u8f38\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u611f\u67d3\u4e26\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6eab\u5ea6\u7a69\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u4e2d\u80da\u5c64<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014mesodermal germ layer\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u9aa8\u9ad3\u4e2d\u7684\u9593\u8cea<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014mesenchyme\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u9020\u8840\u7d44\u7e54<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hematopoietic tissue\u3015<\/small>\u5206\u5316\u3002 <strong>\u7e96\u7dad\u6bcd\u7d30\u80de<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014fibroblasts\u3015<\/small>\u6578\u91cf\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u4e26\u5206\u6ccc\u8a31\u591a\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7e96\u7dad\uff0c<strong>\u8102\u80aa\u7d30\u80de<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adipocytes\u3015<\/small>\u5c08\u9580\u5132\u5b58\u8102\u80aa\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u9aa8\u9ad3\u7684<strong>\u9020\u8840\u7d30\u80de<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hematopoietic cells\u3015<\/small>\u7522\u751f\u6240\u6709\u8840\u7403\uff0c<strong>\u8edf\u9aa8\u7d30\u80de<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014chondrocytes\u3015<\/small>\u5f62\u6210\u8edf\u9aa8\uff0c<strong>\u9aa8\u7d30\u80de<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014osteocytes\u3015<\/small>\u5f62\u6210\u9aa8\u9abc\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8cea\u542b\u6709\u6db2\u9ad4\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3001\u591a\u91a3\u884d\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u9aa8\uff0c\u9084\u542b\u6709\u7926\u7269\u7d50\u6676\u3002 \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7e96\u7dad\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u5927\u985e\uff1a\u539a\u3001\u5f37\u3001\u67d4\u97cc\u3001\u6297\u62c9\u4f38\u7684<strong>\u81a0\u539f\u7e96\u7dad<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014collagen fibers\u3015<\/small>\uff1b <strong>\u7db2\u72c0\u7e96\u7dad<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014reticular fibers\u3015<\/small>\u5f88\u8584\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u652f\u6490\u7db2\uff1b \u548c\u7d30\u800c\u6709\u5f48\u6027\u7684<strong>\u5f48\u6027\u7e96\u7dad<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014elastin fibers\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u985e\u578b\u662f<strong>\u56fa\u6709\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014connective tissue proper\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u652f\u6301\u7d44\u7e54<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014supportive tissue\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u6db2\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014fluid tissue\u3015<\/small>\u3002 <strong>\u758f\u9b06\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014loose connective tissue\u3015<\/small>\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u62ec<strong>\u8102\u80aa\u7d44\u7e54<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adipose tissue\u3015<\/small>\u3001<strong>\u8702\u7aa9\u7d44\u7e54<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014areolar tissue\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u7db2\u72c0\u7d44\u7e54<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014reticular tissue\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u7528\u65bc\u5c07\u5668\u5b98\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7d44\u7e54\u56fa\u5b9a\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8102\u80aa\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u9694\u96e2\u548c\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\u5132\u5099\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u8102\u80aa\u7d44\u7e54\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8cea\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u8cea\u662f\u758f\u9b06\u7d44\u7e54\u6700\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 <strong>\u7dfb\u5bc6\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014dense connective tissue\u3015<\/small>\u672c\u8eab\u5bcc\u542b\u7e96\u7dad\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u898f\u5247\u7684\uff08\u7e96\u7dad\u5e73\u884c\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u5982\u97cc\u5e36\u548c\u808c\u8171\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u7684\uff08\u7e96\u7dad\u5b9a\u5411\u5728\u591a\u500b\u65b9\u5411\uff09\u3002 \u5668\u5b98\u56ca<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014organ capsules\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u81a0\u539f\u578b\uff09\u548c\u52d5\u8108\u58c1\uff08\u5f48\u6027\u578b\uff09\u542b\u6709\u7dfb\u5bc6\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u3002 \u8edf\u9aa8\u548c\u9aa8\u662f\u652f\u6301\u7d44\u7e54\u3002 \u8edf\u9aa8\u542b\u6709\u8edf\u9aa8\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u67d4\u97cc\u6027\u3002 <strong>\u900f\u660e\u8edf\u9aa8<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hyaline cartilage\u3015<\/small>\u5149\u6ed1\u3001\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u8986\u84cb\u95dc\u7bc0\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u9aa8\u9abc\u7684\u751f\u9577\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002 <strong>\u7e96\u7dad\u8edf\u9aa8<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014fibrocartilage\u3015<\/small>\u7531\u65bc\u6709\u984d\u5916\u7684\u81a0\u539f\u7e96\u7dad\u800c\u5805\u786c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f62\u6210\u690e\u9593\u76e4\u7b49\u3002 <strong>\u5f48\u6027\u8edf\u9aa8<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014elastic cartilage\u3015<\/small>\u7531\u65bc\u5f48\u6027\u7e96\u7dad\u542b\u91cf\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f38\u5c55\u56de\u5fa9\u5230\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u3002 \u57fa\u8cea\u542b\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u3002 \u9aa8\u9abc\u7531\u5805\u786c\u7684\u7926\u5316\u57fa\u8cea<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014mineralized matrix\u3015<\/small>\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u9223\u9e7d\u3001\u6676\u9ad4\u548c\u4f4d\u65bc\u9aa8\u9593\u9699\u4e2d\u7684\u9aa8\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u9aa8\u7d44\u7e54\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8840\u7ba1\u5316\u3002 \u9b06\u8cea\u9aa8\u662f\u6d77\u7dbf\u72c0\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u7dfb\u5bc6\u9aa8\u5805\u56fa\u3002 \u6d41\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8840\u6db2\u548c\u6dcb\u5df4\u6db2\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u6db2\u9ad4\u57fa\u8cea\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u652f\u6490\u7e96\u7dad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-03\/\">4.3 \u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u652f\u6301\u8207\u4fdd\u8b77<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4 \u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u8207\u904b\u52d5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u808c\u8089\u7d30\u80de\u662f\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u3001\u5fc3\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u5e73\u6ed1\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5f62\u614b\u8207\u5176\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u7b26\u3002 <strong>\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014skeletal muscle\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u96a8\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u5448\u689d\u7d0b\u72c0\u4e14\u591a\u6838\uff0c\u5448\u9577\u7684\u3001\u7121\u5206\u652f\u7684\u5713\u67f1\u9ad4\u3002 <strong>\u5fc3\u808c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014cardiac muscle\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5fc3\u81df\u4e2d\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u76f8\u4e92\u9644\u8457\u5f62\u6210\u9577\u7e96\u7dad\u3002 \u7d30\u80de\u900f\u904e<strong>\u5fc3\u9593\u76e4<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014intercalated disks\u3015<\/small>\u5f7c\u6b64\u9644\u8457\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u80de\u900f\u904e\u7269\u7406\u548c\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u9023\u63a5\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5408\u80de\u9ad4<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014syncytium\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u5fc3\u808c\u7d30\u80de\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e14\u4e0d\u96a8\u610f\u5730\u6536\u7e2e\u3002 <strong>\u5e73\u6ed1\u808c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014fibrocartilage\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e0d\u96a8\u610f\u7684\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u662f\u7d21\u9318\u5f62\u7e96\u7dad\u4e26\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u3002 \u6c92\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u689d\u7d0b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u808c\u52d5\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u808c\u7403\u86cb\u767d\u7d72\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c0d\u9f4a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-04\/\">4.4 \u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u8207\u904b\u52d5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5 \u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\u5a92\u4ecb\u611f\u77e5\u8207\u53cd\u61c9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u2014\u2014<strong>\u795e\u7d93\u5143<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014neuron\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5fb5\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u63a5\u6536\u523a\u6fc0\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u8a0a\u865f\uff08\u7a31\u70ba\u52d5\u4f5c\u96fb\u4f4d\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8a72\u8a0a\u865f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u5feb\u901f\u50b3\u64ad\u5f88\u9060\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002 \u5178\u578b\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5f62\u614b\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\u5206\u652f\u6210\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u6a39\u7a81<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014dendrites\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u77ed\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u4f86\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u4fe1\u865f\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u8ef8\u7a81<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014axon\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u9577\u5c3e\u5df4\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u4fe1\u865f\u5f9e\u7d30\u80de\u50b3\u905e\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u3001\u808c\u8089\u6216\u817a\u9ad4\u3002 \u8a31\u591a\u8ef8\u7a81\u88ab<strong>\u9ad3\u9798<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014myelin sheath\u3015<\/small>\u5305\u88f9\uff0c\u9ad3\u9798\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8102\u8cea\u884d\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5145\u7576\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u4e26\u52a0\u901f\u52d5\u4f5c\u96fb\u4f4d\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\u3002 \u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7d30\u80de\uff08<strong>\u795e\u7d93\u81a0\u7d30\u80de<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014neuroglia\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u5305\u62ec\u661f\u72c0\u7d30\u80de<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014astrocytes\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u5c0f\u81a0\u8cea\u7d30\u80de<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014microglia\u3015<\/small>\u3001\u5be1\u6a39\u7a81\u81a0\u7d30\u80de<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014oligodendrocytes\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u8a31\u65fa\u7d30\u80de<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014Schwann cells\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-05\/\">4.5 \u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\u5a92\u4ecb\u611f\u77e5\u8207\u53cd\u61c9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6 \u7d44\u7e54\u640d\u50b7\u8207\u8001\u5316<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u767c\u708e<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014inflammation\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c0d\u640d\u50b7\u7684\u5178\u578b\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9806\u5e8f\u3002 \u8a72\u5340\u57df\u5448\u73fe\u7d05\u8272\u3001\u6478\u8d77\u4f86\u6eab\u6696\u3001\u816b\u8139\u4e14\u75bc\u75db\u3002 \u53d7\u50b7\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3001\u80a5\u5927\u7d30\u80de\u548c\u5e38\u99d0\u5de8\u566c\u7d30\u80de<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014resident macrophages\u3015<\/small>\u91cb\u653e\u5316\u5b78\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5468\u570d\u7d44\u7e54\u8840\u7ba1\u8212\u5f35\u548c\u6db2\u9ad4\u6ef2\u6f0f\u3002 \u4fee\u5fa9\u968e\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\u8840\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u96a8\u8457\u7e96\u7dad\u6bcd\u7d30\u80de\u6c89\u7a4d\u81a0\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u800c\u9032\u884c\u7d44\u7e54\u518d\u751f\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7d44\u7e54\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u518d\u751f\u3002 \u4e0a\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u53d6\u4ee3\u6210\u9ad4\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\u4f9b\u61c9\u4e2d\u53d7\u640d\u6216\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002 \u808c\u8089\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\u8981\u9ebc\u518d\u751f\u7de9\u6162\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4fee\u5fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e74\u9f61\u5f71\u97ff\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u3002 \u53d7\u640d\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u518d\u751f\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5982\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u90a3\u9ebc\u5feb\u3002 \u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5c0d\u611f\u89ba\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002 \u808c\u8089\u840e\u7e2e\uff0c\u9aa8\u9abc\u5931\u53bb\u8cea\u91cf\u4e26\u8b8a\u8106\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u7684\u81a0\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u95dc\u7bc0\u8b8a\u5f97\u50f5\u786c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u6587\u7ae0\u50b3\u9001\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-06\/\">4.6 \u7d44\u7e54\u640d\u50b7\u8207\u8001\u5316<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-balloon_box2\">\u66f4\u65b0\u7d00\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_stripe\">2023\/10\/13 \u767c\u4f48\u672c\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-07\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-04-06\/\">\u2190\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-05-00\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-05-00\/\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u56de\u9867\u4e86\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5c64\u6b21\u5404\u7bc0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lc_iscn_info":[],"swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7056"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7056"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7168,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7056\/revisions\/7168"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}