{"id":7820,"date":"2024-01-31T22:36:39","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T14:36:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=7820"},"modified":"2024-02-14T00:44:53","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T16:44:53","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-09-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-09-05\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8eab\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff5c\u7b2c9\u7ae0 \u95dc\u7bc0 9.5\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"swell-block-balloon\"><div class=\"c-balloon -bln-left\" data-col=\"blue\"><div class=\"c-balloon__icon -circle\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u771f\u4eba\u85dd\u7d20\u7167-tiny.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"c-balloon__iconImg\" width=\"80px\" height=\"80px\"><span class=\"c-balloon__iconName\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/div><div class=\"c-balloon__body -speaking -border-none\"><div class=\"c-balloon__text\">\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 <em><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-01-color\"><strong>Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531<strong><span class=\"swl-inline-color has-swl-deep-02-color\">\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/preface\" target=\"_blank\">\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<span class=\"c-balloon__shapes\"><span class=\"c-balloon__before\"><\/span><span class=\"c-balloon__after\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_grid\"><strong>\u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/9-5-types-of-body-movements\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/pages\/9-5-types-of-body-movements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&lt;9&gt; Joints &nbsp;\u2014 9.5&nbsp;Types of Body Movements<\/a><br><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-capbox cap_box\" data-colset=\"col2\"><div class=\"cap_box_ttl\"><span><strong>\u7ae0\u7bc0\u76ee\u6a19<\/strong><\/span><\/div><div class=\"cap_box_content\">\n<p>\u5b78\u7fd2\u672c\u7bc0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u52d5\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8b58\u5225\u5141\u8a31\u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u95dc\u7bc0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u5141\u8a31\u8eab\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u904b\u52d5\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u301d\u9644\u8457\u5728\u95dc\u7bc0\u5169\u5074\u9aa8\u982d\u4e0a\u7684\u808c\u8089\u301e\u6536\u7e2e\u6216\u9b06\u5f1b\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002 \u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u53ef\u7522\u751f\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u985e\u578b\u7531\u5176\u7d50\u69cb\u985e\u578b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002 <\/span>\u96d6\u7136\u7403\u7aa9\u95dc\u7bc0\u5728\u500b\u5225\u95dc\u7bc0<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014individual joint\u3015<\/small>\u8655\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u591a\u500b\u95dc\u7bc0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bcf\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u90fd\u662f\u70ba\u8eab\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u6975\u5927\u7684\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u52d5\u6027\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002 \u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u8868 9.1\uff09\u3002 \u904b\u52d5\u985e\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6210\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u53cd\u3002 \u8eab\u9ad4\u52d5\u4f5c\u7e3d\u662f\u6839\u64da\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u76f4\u7acb\u59ff\u52e2\uff0c\u4e0a\u80a2\u4f4d\u65bc\u8eab\u9ad4\u5074\u9762\uff0c\u624b\u638c\u671d\u524d\u3002 \u95b1\u8b80\u672c\u7bc0\u6642\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u5716 9.12\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1125\" height=\"1126\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-08-05.01-webp-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7821\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-08-05.01-webp-1.webp 1125w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-08-05.01-webp-1-768x769.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u5716 9.12 \u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7b2c 1 \u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-capbox cap_box is-style-onborder_ttl\" data-colset=\"col2\"><div class=\"cap_box_ttl\"><span><strong><strong>\u5716 9.12 \u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7b2c 1 \u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/div><div class=\"cap_box_content\">\n<p>\u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u70ba\u8eab\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u7a2e\u904b\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 (a)\u2013(b) <strong>\u5c48\u66f2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014flexion\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u4f38\u5c55<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014extension\u3015<\/small>\u904b\u52d5\u4f4d\u65bc\u77e2\u72c0\uff08\u524d\u5f8c\uff09\u904b\u52d5\u5e73\u9762\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u52d5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u80a9\u90e8\u3001\u9ad6\u90e8\u3001\u8098\u90e8\u3001\u819d\u90e8\u3001\u8155\u90e8\u3001\u638c\u6307\u95dc\u7bc0\u3001\u8e60\u8dbe\u95dc\u7bc0\u548c\u6307\u9593\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u3002 (c)\u2013(d) \u982d\u90e8\u6216\u810a\u690e\u7684\u5411\u524d\u5f4e\u66f2\u662f<strong>\u5c48\u66f2<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4efb\u4f55\u5411\u5f8c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u90fd\u662f<strong>\u4f38\u5c55<\/strong>\u3002 (e) <strong>\u5916\u5c55<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014Abduction\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u5167\u6536<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adduction\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u56db\u80a2\u3001\u624b\u3001\u624b\u6307\u6216\u8173\u8dbe\u5728\u51a0\u72c0\uff08\u5167\u5916\u5074\uff09\u904b\u52d5\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5c07\u80a2\u9ad4\u6216\u624b\u5f9e\u8eab\u9ad4\u5074\u9762\u79fb\u958b\uff0c\u6216\u5f35\u958b\u624b\u6307\u6216\u8173\u8dbe\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5916\u5c55\u3002 \u5167\u6536\u4f7f\u80a2\u9ad4\u6216\u624b\u671d\u5411\u6216\u7a7f\u904e\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7dda\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u624b\u6307\u6216\u8173\u8dbe\u9760\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 <strong>\u8ff4\u65cb<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014circumduction\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6307\u4f7f\u7528\u5c48\u66f2\u3001\u5167\u6536\u3001\u4f38\u5c55\u548c\u5916\u5c55\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u80a2\u9ad4\u3001\u624b\u6216\u624b\u6307\u4ee5\u5713\u5468\u65b9\u5f0f\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 \u5167\u6536\/\u5916\u5c55\u548c\u8ff4\u65cb\u767c\u751f\u5728\u80a9\u95dc\u7bc0\u3001\u9ad6\u95dc\u7bc0\u3001\u8155\u95dc\u7bc0\u3001\u638c\u6307\u95dc\u7bc0\u548c\u8e60\u8dbe\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u3002 (f) \u982d\u90e8\u5de6\u53f3\u8f49\u52d5\u6216\u8eab\u9ad4\u626d\u8f49\u5c6c\u65bc<strong>\u65cb\u8f49<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014rotation\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u80a9\u90e8\u4e0a\u80a2\u6216\u9ad6\u90e8\u4e0b\u80a2\u7684\u5167\u65cb\u548c\u5916\u65cb\u6d89\u53ca\u5c07\u80a2\u9ad4\u7684\u524d\u8868\u9762\u8f49\u5411\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7dda\uff08\u5167\u65cb\u6216\u5167\u8f49\uff09\u6216\u9060\u96e2\u4e2d\u7dda\uff08\u5916\u65cb\u6216\u5916\u8f49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1125\" height=\"1126\" src=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-08-05.02-webp-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7822\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-08-05.02-webp-1.webp 1125w, https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-08-05.02-webp-1-768x769.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u5716 9.12 \u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"swell-block-capbox cap_box is-style-onborder_ttl\" data-colset=\"col2\"><div class=\"cap_box_ttl\"><span><strong>\u5716 9.12 \u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/span><\/div><div class=\"cap_box_content\">\n<p>(g) \u524d\u81c2\u7684<strong>\u5f8c\u65cb<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014supination\u3015<\/small>\u5c07\u624b\u8f49\u5411\u638c\u5fc3\u5411\u524d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u6a48\u9aa8\u548c\u5c3a\u9aa8\u5e73\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u81c2\u7684<strong>\u65cb\u524d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014pronation\u3015<\/small>\u5247\u5c07\u624b\u8f49\u5411\u638c\u5fc3\u5411\u5f8c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u6a48\u9aa8\u8de8\u904e\u5c3a\u9aa8\u5f62\u6210\u201cX\u201d\u5f62\u3002 (h) \u8173\u5728\u8e1d\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u7684<strong>\u80cc\u5c48<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014dorsiflexion\u3015<\/small>\u4f7f\u8173\u80cc\u5411\u817f\u90e8\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u800c<strong>\u8e60\u5c48<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014plantar flexion\u3015<\/small>\u5247\u62ac\u8d77\u8173\u8ddf\u4e26\u8173\u8dbe\u9ede\u5730\u3002 (i) \u8173\u7684<strong>\u5916\u7ffb<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014eversion\u3015<\/small>\u4f7f\u8173\u5e95<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014bottom\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u8db3\u5e95<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014sole\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u9060\u96e2\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7dda\uff0c\u800c\u8173\u7684<strong>\u5167\u7ffb<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014inversion\u3015<\/small>\u5247\u4f7f\u8173\u5e95\u671d\u5411\u4e2d\u7dda\u3002 (j) \u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u7684<strong>\u524d\u4f38<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014protraction\u3015<\/small>\u5c07\u4e0b\u5df4\u5411\u524d\u63a8\uff0c<strong>\u5f8c\u7e2e<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014retraction\u3015<\/small>\u5247\u5c07\u4e0b\u5df4\u5411\u5f8c\u62c9\u3002 (k) \u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u7684<strong>\u4e0b\u58d3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014depression\u3015<\/small>\u4f7f\u5634\u5df4\u5f35\u958b\uff0c\u800c<strong>\u4e0a\u63d0<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014elevation\u3015<\/small>\u5247\u4f7f\u5634\u5df4\u9589\u5408\u3002 (l) \u62c7\u6307\u7684<strong>\u5c0d\u638c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014opposition\u3015<\/small>\u4f7f\u62c7\u6307\u5c16\u8207\u540c\u4e00\u96bb\u624b\u7684\u624b\u6307\u5c16\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u800c<strong>\u5fa9\u4f4d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014reposition\u3015<\/small>\u5247\u4f7f\u62c7\u6307\u56de\u5230\u98df\u6307\u65c1\u908a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5c48\u66f2\u548c\u4f38\u5c55<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5c48\u66f2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014flexion\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u4f38\u5c55<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014extension\u3015<\/small>\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u767c\u751f\u5728\u77e2\u72c0\u9762\u5167\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u9838\u90e8\u3001\u8ec0\u5e79\u6216\u56db\u80a2\u7684\u524d\u90e8\u6216\u5f8c\u90e8\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u810a\u67f1\uff0c\u5c48\u66f2\uff08\u524d\u5c48<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014anterior flexion\u3015<\/small>\uff09\u662f\u9838\u90e8\u6216\u8ec0\u5e79\u7684\u524d\uff08\u5411\u524d\uff09\u5f4e\u66f2\uff0c\u800c\u4f38\u5c55\u6d89\u53ca\u5411\u5f8c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f9e\u5f4e\u66f2\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f38\u76f4\u6216\u5411\u5f8c\u5f4e\u66f2\u3002 \u810a\u690e\u7684<strong>\u5074\u5c48<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lateral flexion\u3015<\/small>\u767c\u751f\u5728\u51a0\u72c0\u9762\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u9838\u90e8\u6216\u8ec0\u5e79\u5411\u53f3\u5074\u6216\u5de6\u5074\u5f4e\u66f2\u3002 \u810a\u690e\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u52d5\u65e2\u6d89\u53ca\u7531\u6bcf\u500b\u690e\u9593\u76e4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u806f\u5408\u95dc\u7bc0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u690e\u9aa8\u7684\u4e0b\u95dc\u7bc0\u7a81\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u690e\u9aa8\u7684\u4e0a\u95dc\u7bc0\u7a81\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u578b\u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"swl-marker mark_yellow\">\u5728\u56db\u80a2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c48\u66f2\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u9aa8\u982d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff08\u95dc\u7bc0\u5f4e\u66f2\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4f38\u5c55\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e26\u4f7f\u95dc\u7bc0\u4f38\u76f4\u3002<\/span> \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0a\u80a2\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5411\u524d\u904b\u52d5\u90fd\u662f\u5c48\u66f2\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5411\u5f8c\u904b\u52d5\u90fd\u662f\u4f38\u5c55\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\u301d\u80a9\u90e8\u7684\u624b\u81c2\u301e\u3001\u301d\u8098\u90e8\u7684\u524d\u81c2\u301e\u3001\u301d\u8155\u90e8\u7684\u624b\u301e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u301d\u638c\u6307\u95dc\u7bc0\u548c\u6307\u9593\u95dc\u7bc0\u7684\u624b\u6307\u301e\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u62c7\u6307\uff0c\u4f38\u5c55\u4f7f\u62c7\u6307\u9060\u96e2\u624b\u638c\uff08\u5728\u8207\u624b\u638c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u5167\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5c48\u66f2\u4f7f\u62c7\u6307\u9760\u56de\u98df\u6307\u6216\u624b\u638c\u5167\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u52d5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8155\u638c\u95dc\u7bc0\u3002 \u5728\u4e0b\u80a2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5927\u817f\u5411\u524d\u548c\u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\u662f\u9ad6\u95dc\u7bc0\u7684\u5c48\u66f2\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u817f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5411\u5f8c\u904b\u52d5\u90fd\u662f\u4f38\u5c55\u3002 \u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5927\u817f\u8d85\u51fa\u89e3\u5256\uff08\u7ad9\u7acb\uff09\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4f38\u5c55\u53d7\u5230\u652f\u6490\u9ad6\u95dc\u7bc0\u7684\u97cc\u5e36\u7684\u6975\u5927\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u819d\u95dc\u7bc0\u5c48\u66f2\u662f\u6307\u819d\u84cb\u5f4e\u66f2\uff0c\u4f7f\u8173\u671d\u5411\u5927\u817f\u5f8c\u5074\uff0c\u4f38\u819d\u662f\u6307\u819d\u84cb\u4f38\u76f4\u3002 \u5728\u56db\u80a2\u7684\u9278\u93c8\u95dc\u7bc0\u3001\u9ac1\u72c0\u95dc\u7bc0\u3001\u978d\u72c0\u95dc\u7bc0\u548c\u7403\u7aa9\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5c48\u66f2\u548c\u4f38\u5c55\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u898b\u5716 9.12a-d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u904e\u5ea6\u4f38\u5c55<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hyperextension\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u6307\u95dc\u7bc0\u7570\u5e38\u6216\u904e\u5ea6\u4f38\u5c55\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u6b63\u5e38\u6d3b\u52d5\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u53d7\u50b7\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c<strong>\u904e\u5ea6\u5c48\u66f2<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014hyperflexion\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u95dc\u7bc0\u904e\u5ea6\u5c48\u66f2\u3002 \u904e\u5ea6\u4f38\u5c55\u50b7\u5bb3\u5e38\u898b\u65bc\u819d\u95dc\u7bc0\u6216\u8098\u95dc\u7bc0\u7b49\u9278\u93c8\u95dc\u7bc0\u3002 \u5728\u982d\u90e8\u7a81\u7136\u5411\u5f8c\u7136\u5f8c\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u201c\u63ee\u97ad\u6027\u626d\u50b7<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014whiplash\u3015<\/small>\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7d93\u6b77\u9838\u90e8\u904e\u5ea6\u4f38\u5c55\u548c\u904e\u5ea6\u5c48\u66f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5916\u5c55\u548c\u5167\u6536<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5916\u5c55<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014abduction\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u5167\u6536<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014adduction\u3015<\/small>\u904b\u52d5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u51a0\u72c0\u9762\u5167\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u56db\u80a2\u3001\u624b\u6307\u3001\u8173\u8dbe\u6216\u62c7\u6307\u7684\u5167\u5916\u5074\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5916\u5c55\u4f7f\u80a2\u9ad4\u6a6b\u5411\u9060\u96e2\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7dda\uff0c\u800c\u5167\u6536\u662f\u5c07\u80a2\u9ad4\u62c9\u5411\u8eab\u9ad4\u6216\u7a7f\u904e\u4e2d\u7dda\u7684\u76f8\u53cd\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5916\u5c55\u662f\u5c07\u624b\u81c2\u5728\u80a9\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u62ac\u8d77\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6a6b\u5411\u9060\u96e2\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u5167\u6536\u5247\u5c07\u624b\u81c2\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u5074\u9762\u3002 \u985e\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u624b\u8155\u8655\u7684\u5916\u5c55\u548c\u5167\u6536\u4f7f\u624b\u9060\u96e2\u6216\u9760\u8fd1\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7dda\u3002 \u5c07\u624b\u6307\u6216\u8173\u8dbe\u5206\u958b\u4e5f\u662f\u5916\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u624b\u6307\u6216\u8173\u8dbe\u4f75\u650f\u662f\u5167\u6536\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u62c7\u6307\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5916\u5c55\u662f\u5c07\u62c7\u6307\u5e36\u5230 90\u00b0\u5782\u76f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5f9e\u624b\u638c\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u5916\u9762\uff09\u7684\u524d\u5411\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5167\u6536\u5247\u662f\u5c07\u62c7\u6307\u79fb\u56de\u89e3\u5256\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u9760\u8fd1\u98df\u6307\u65c1\u908a\uff09\u3002 \u5916\u5c55\u548c\u5167\u6536\u904b\u52d5\u53ef\u898b\u65bc\u9ac1\u72c0\u95dc\u7bc0\u3001\u978d\u72c0\u95dc\u7bc0\u548c\u7403\u7aa9\u95dc\u7bc0\uff08\u898b\u5716 9.12e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8ff4\u65cb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8ff4\u65cb<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014circumduction\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u5340\u57df\u4ee5\u5713\u5468\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u88ab\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5340\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u5c0d\u975c\u6b62\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e00\u500b\u5713\u3002 \u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u95dc\u7bc0\u7684\u5c48\u66f2\u3001\u5167\u6536\u3001\u4f38\u5c55\u548c\u5916\u5c55\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u7d44\u5408\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u5e38\u898b\u65bc\u96d9\u8ef8\u7684\u9ac1\u72c0\u95dc\u7bc0\u548c\u978d\u72c0\u95dc\u7bc0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u8ef8\u7684\u7403\u7aa9\u95dc\u7bc0\uff08\u898b\u5716 9.12e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65cb\u8f49<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u65cb\u8f49<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014rotation\u3015<\/small>\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u810a\u690e\u5167\u3001\u6a1e\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\u6216\u7403\u7aa9\u95dc\u7bc0\u3002 \u9838\u90e8\u6216\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u65cb\u8f49\u662f\u7531\u76f8\u9130\u690e\u9aa8\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5c0f\u65cb\u8f49\u904b\u52d5\u7e3d\u548c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u626d\u8f49\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5728\u6a1e\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\uff0c\u4e00\u6839\u9aa8\u982d\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u6839\u9aa8\u982d\u65cb\u8f49\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65cb\u8f49\u662f\u6a1e\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5bf0\u6a1e\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9838\u690e (C1) \u690e\u9aa8\uff08\u5bf0\u690e\uff09\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u9f52\u72c0\u7a81\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u9f52\u72c0\u7a81\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9838\u690e (C2) \u690e\u9aa8\uff08\u6a1e\u690e\uff09\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u7a81\u51fa\u3002 \u9019\u5141\u8a31\u982d\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e00\u5074\u65cb\u8f49\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u5074\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6416\u982d\u8aaa\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u6642\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u8fd1\u7aef\u6a48\u5c3a\u95dc\u7bc0\u662f\u6a1e\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff08\u7531\u6a48\u9aa8\u982d\u53ca\u5176\u8207\u5c3a\u9aa8\u7684\u9278\u63a5\u6240\u5f62\u6210\uff09\u3002 \u6b64\u95dc\u7bc0\u5141\u8a31\u6a48\u9aa8\u5728\u524d\u81c2\u65cb\u524d\u548c\u65cb\u5f8c\u904b\u52d5\u671f\u9593\u6cbf\u5176\u9577\u5ea6\u65cb\u8f49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65cb\u8f49\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u5728\u80a9\u90e8\u548c\u9ad6\u90e8\u7684\u7403\u7aa9\u95dc\u7bc0\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u80b1\u9aa8\u548c\u80a1\u9aa8\u7e5e\u8457\u5176\u9577\u8ef8\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u624b\u81c2\u6216\u5927\u817f\u7684\u524d\u8868\u9762\u671d\u5411\u6216\u9060\u96e2\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7dda\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 \u5c07\u80a2\u9ad4\u524d\u8868\u9762\u62c9\u5411\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7dda\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u5167\u65cb\uff08\u5167\u8f49\uff09<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014medial (internal) rotation\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u65cb\u8f49\u80a2\u9ad4\u4f7f\u524d\u8868\u9762\u9060\u96e2\u4e2d\u7dda\u662f<strong>\u5916\u65cb\uff08\u5916\u8f49\uff09<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lateral (external) rotation\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u898b\u5716 9.12f\uff09\u3002 \u8acb\u52d9\u5fc5\u5340\u5206\u5167\u65cb\u548c\u5916\u65cb\uff08\u50c5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u591a\u8ef8\u7684\u80a9\u95dc\u7bc0\u548c\u9ad6\u95dc\u7bc0\uff09\u548c\u8ff4\u65cb\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u5728\u96d9\u8ef8\u6216\u591a\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65cb\u5f8c\u548c\u65cb\u524d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65cb\u5f8c<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014supination\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u65cb\u524d<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014pronation\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u524d\u81c2\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5728\u89e3\u5256\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u80a2\u7dca\u8cbc\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u624b\u638c\u671d\u524d\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u524d\u81c2\u7684\u65cb\u5f8c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6a48\u9aa8\u548c\u5c3a\u9aa8\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e73\u884c\u3002 \u7576\u624b\u638c\u671d\u5f8c\u6642\uff0c\u524d\u81c2\u8655\u65bc\u65cb\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6a48\u9aa8\u548c\u5c3a\u9aa8\u5f62\u6210X\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65cb\u5f8c\u548c\u65cb\u524d\u662f\u524d\u81c2\u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u65cb\u524d\u662f\u5c07\u524d\u81c2\u5f9e\u65cb\u5f8c\uff08\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\uff09\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u65cb\u524d\uff08\u624b\u638c\u5411\u5f8c\uff09\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u7531\u8fd1\u7aef\u6a48\u5c3a\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u7684\u6a48\u9aa8\u65cb\u8f49\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u9060\u7aef\u6a48\u5c3a\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u7684\u6a48\u9aa8\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u8fd1\u7aef\u6a48\u5c3a\u95dc\u7bc0\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6a1e\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u6a48\u9aa8\u982d\u65cb\u8f49\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u6a48\u9aa8\u9aa8\u5e79\u7684\u8f15\u5fae\u5f4e\u66f2\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u65cb\u8f49\u5c0e\u81f4\u6a48\u9aa8\u9060\u7aef\u5728\u9060\u7aef\u6a48\u5c3a\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u8d8a\u904e\u9060\u7aef\u5c3a\u9aa8\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u4ea4\u53c9\u4f7f\u6a48\u9aa8\u548c\u5c3a\u9aa8\u5f62\u6210 X \u5f62\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u65cb\u5f8c\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6a48\u9aa8\u7684\u65cb\u8f49\u4f7f\u9aa8\u9abc\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u5176\u5e73\u884c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u624b\u638c\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u524d\u9762\uff08\u65cb\u5f8c\uff09\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c\u65cb\u5f8c\u662f\u7528\u6e6f\u5319\u8200\u6e6f\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08\u898b\u5716 9.13g\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u80cc\u5c48\u548c\u8e60\u5c48<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80cc\u5c48<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014dorsiflexion\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u8e60\u5c48<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014plantar flexion\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u8e1d\u95dc\u7bc0\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u8e1d\u95dc\u7bc0\u662f\u9278\u93c8\u95dc\u7bc0\u3002 \u62ac\u8d77\u8173\u5c16\uff0c\u4f7f\u8173\u5c16\u671d\u817f\u524d\u90e8\u79fb\u52d5\u662f\u80cc\u5c48\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u8173\u8ddf\u62ac\u96e2\u5730\u9762\u6216\u4f7f\u8173\u8dbe\u5411\u4e0b\u662f\u8e60\u5c48\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u662f\u8e1d\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u898b\u5716 9.13h\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5167\u7ffb\u548c\u5916\u7ffb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5167\u7ffb<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014inversion\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u5916\u7ffb<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014eversion\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5f8c\u8db3\u7684\u8dd7\u9aa8\uff08\u8dd7\u9593\u95dc\u7bc0\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u591a\u500b\u5e73\u9762\u95dc\u7bc0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u662f\u767c\u751f\u5728\u8e1d\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5167\u7ffb\u662f\u6307\u8f49\u52d5\u8173\uff0c\u4f7f\u8173\u5e95\u671d\u4e2d\u7dda\u50be\u659c\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u7ffb\u5247\u662f\u4f7f\u8173\u5e95\u9060\u96e2\u4e2d\u7dda\u3002 \u8173\u7684\u5167\u7ffb\u7bc4\u570d\u6bd4\u5916\u7ffb\u6d3b\u52d5\u7bc4\u570d\u66f4\u5927\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5728\u4e0d\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u884c\u8d70\u6216\u8dd1\u6b65\u6642\u7a69\u5b9a\u8173\u90e8\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5728\u7c43\u7403\u3001\u58c1\u7403\u6216\u8db3\u7403\u7b49\u6d3b\u8e8d\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5de6\u53f3\u65b9\u5411\u6539\u8b8a\uff08\u898b\u5716 9.13i\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u524d\u7a81\u548c\u5f8c\u7e2e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u524d\u7a81<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014protraction\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u5f8c\u7e2e<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014retraction\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u6216\u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u7576\u80a9\u8180\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u63a8\u6771\u897f\u6216\u6295\u7403\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u7684\u524d\u7a81\u3002 \u5f8c\u7e2e\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u88ab\u5411\u5f8c\u548c\u5411\u5167\u62c9\u5411\u810a\u690e\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4e0b\u984e\u88ab\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u524d\u7a81\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0b\u5df4\u4f38\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u7e2e\u5247\u6703\u5c07\u4e0b\u984e\u5411\u5f8c\u62c9\u3002 \uff08\u898b\u5716 9.13j\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e0b\u58d3\u548c\u4e0a\u63d0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e0b\u58d3<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014depression\u3015<\/small>\u548c<strong>\u4e0a\u63d0<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014elevation\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u6216\u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u548c\u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 \u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u548c\u80a9\u8180\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\u662f\u4e0a\u63d0\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52d5\u662f\u4e0b\u58d3\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u52d5\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u8073\u80a9\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u7684\u4e0a\u63d0\u662f\u4e0b\u984e\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u9589\u5634\u6216\u54ac\u4f4f\u67d0\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u7684\u4e0b\u58d3\u662f\u4f7f\u5634\u5df4\u5f35\u958b\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u898b\u5716 9.13k\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u504f\u79fb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u504f\u79fb<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014excursion\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u6a6b\u5411\u504f\u79fb<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014lateral excursion\u3015<\/small>\u4f7f\u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u9060\u96e2\u4e2d\u7dda\uff0c\u5411\u53f3\u5074\u6216\u5de6\u5074\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 \u5167\u5074\u504f\u79fb<small class=\"mininote\">\u3014medial excursion\u3015<\/small>\u4f7f\u4e0b\u981c\u9aa8\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u7dda\u7684\u975c\u6b62\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e0a\u65cb\u548c\u4e0b\u65cb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u65cb\u548c\u4e0b\u65cb\u662f\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7531\u95dc\u7bc0\u76c2\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u65b9\u5411\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u52d5\u6d89\u53ca\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u570d\u7e5e\u80a9\u80db\u810a\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u7531\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u7684\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u5408\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u4e0a\u65cb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u80a9\u80db\u810a\u5167\u5074\u7aef\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u95dc\u7bc0\u76c2\u6703\u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u4e0a\u80a2\u5916\u5c55\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u6c92\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u80b1\u9aa8\u5927\u7d50\u7bc0\u5c31\u6703\u649e\u64ca\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u7684\u80a9\u5cf0\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u963b\u6b62\u624b\u81c2\u5916\u5c55\u5230\u80a9\u8180\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u80a2\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5916\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u7684\u826f\u597d\u65cb\u8f49\u3002 \u7576\u7528\u624b\u6216\u80a9\u8180\u642c\u904b\u91cd\u7269\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u5916\u5c55\u624b\u81c2\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u65cb\u8f49\u3002 \u7576\u4f60\u62ff\u8d77\u91cd\u7269\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u66f8\u5305\uff09\u4e26\u50c5\u5c07\u5176\u625b\u5728\u80a9\u4e0a\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u65cb\u8f49\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u5c0d\u5305\u5305\u7684\u627f\u91cd\u652f\u6490\uff0c\u80a9\u80db\u9aa8\u5411\u4e0a\u65cb\u8f49\u6642\u80a9\u8180\u6703\u62ac\u8d77\u3002 \u4e0b\u65cb\u767c\u751f\u5728\u80a2\u9ad4\u5167\u6536\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u95dc\u7bc0\u76c2\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u904b\u52d5\u4ee5\u53ca\u80a9\u80db\u810a\u5167\u5074\u7aef\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5c0d\u638c\u548c\u5fa9\u4f4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5c0d\u638c<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014opposition\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u62c7\u6307\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f7f\u62c7\u6307\u5c16\u8207\u67d0\u500b\u624b\u6307\u7684\u5c16\u7aef\u63a5\u89f8\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8155\u638c\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u8a72\u95dc\u7bc0\u662f\u8155\u9aa8\u5927\u591a\u89d2\u9aa8\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u638c\u9aa8\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u978d\u72c0\u95dc\u7bc0\u3002 \u62c7\u6307\u5c0d\u638c\u662f\u7531\u62c7\u6307\u5728\u8a72\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u7684\u5f4e\u66f2\u548c\u5916\u5c55\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u5c07\u62c7\u6307\u56de\u5230\u98df\u6307\u65c1\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7a31\u70ba<strong>\u5fa9\u4f4d<\/strong><small class=\"mininote\">\u3014reposition\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u898b\u5716 9.13l\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table min_width20_\"><table><thead style=\"--thead-color--bg:var(--color_gray);--thead-color--txt:var(--swl-text_color--black)\"><tr><th>\u95dc\u7bc0\u985e\u578b<\/th><th>\u904b\u52d5<\/th><th>\u4f8b\u5b50<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u6a1e\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0<\/strong><br><\/td><td>\u55ae\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u5141\u8a31\u65cb\u8f49\u904b\u52d5<\/td><td>\u5bf0\u6a1e\u95dc\u7bc0\uff08C1\u2013C2 \u690e\u9aa8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff09\uff1b \u8fd1\u7aef\u6a48\u5c3a\u95dc\u7bc0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u9278\u93c8\u95dc\u7bc0<\/strong><\/td><td>\u55ae\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u5141\u8a31\u5c48\u66f2\/\u4f38\u5c55\u904b\u52d5<\/td><td>\u819d\u84cb; \u624b\u8098; \u8e1d; \u624b\u6307\u548c\u8173\u8dbe\u7684\u6307\u9593\u95dc\u7bc0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u9ac1\u72c0\u95dc\u7bc0<\/strong><\/td><td>\u96d9\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u5141\u8a31\u5c48\u66f2\/\u4f38\u5c55\u3001\u5916\u5c55\/\u5167\u6536\u548c\u8ff4\u65cb\u904b\u52d5<\/td><td>\u624b\u6307\u7684\u638c\u6307\uff08\u6307\uff09\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u624b\u8155\u7684\u6a48\u8155\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u8173\u8dbe\u7684\u8e60\u8dbe\u95dc\u7bc0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u978d\u72c0\u95dc\u7bc0<\/strong><\/td><td>\u96d9\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u5141\u8a31\u5c48\u66f2\/\u4f38\u5c55\u3001\u5916\u5c55\/\u5167\u6536\u548c\u8ff4\u65cb\u904b\u52d5<\/td><td>\u62c7\u6307\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8155\u638c\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u80f8\u9396\u95dc\u7bc0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u5e73\u9762\u95dc\u7bc0<\/strong><\/td><td>\u591a\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u5141\u8a31\u8db3\u90e8\u7684\u5167\u7ffb\u548c\u5916\u7ffb\uff0c\u6216\u810a\u690e\u7684\u5c48\u66f2\u3001\u4f38\u5c55\u548c\u5074\u5c48<\/td><td>\u8db3\u90e8\u7684\u8dd7\u9aa8\u9593\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u9278\u63a5\u65bc\u690e\u9aa8\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u95dc\u7bc0\u7a81<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u7403\u7aa9\u95dc\u7bc0<\/strong><\/td><td>\u591a\u8ef8\u95dc\u7bc0\uff1b \u5141\u8a31\u5c48\u66f2\/\u4f38\u5c55\u3001\u5916\u5c55\/\u5167\u6536\u3001\u8ff4\u65cb\u548c\u5167\u5074\/\u5916\u5074\u65cb\u8f49\u904b\u52d5<\/td><td>\u80a9\u95dc\u7bc0\u548c\u9ad6\u95dc\u7bc0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u95dc\u7bc0\u7684\u904b\u52d5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-balloon_box2\">\u66f4\u65b0\u7d00\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bg_stripe\">2024\/01\/31 \u767c\u4f48\u672c\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-09-04\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-09-04\/\">\u2190\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-09-06\/\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b78\u5b8c\u672c\u7bc0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<br \/>\n\u00b7 \u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u52d5\u4f5c<br \/>\n\u00b7 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