{"id":8203,"date":"2024-04-15T08:45:37","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T00:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/?p=8203"},"modified":"2024-04-29T22:53:51","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T14:53:51","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology-2e-11-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/anatomy-and-physiology-2e-11-01\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u808c\u675f\u6392\u5217\u53ca\u69d3\u687f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff5c\u7b2c11\u7ae0 \u808c\u8089\u7cfb\u7d71 11.1\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u7406\u5b78 2e\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/div>
\n

\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u5927\u5b78 OpenStax \u7684 Anatomy and Physiology 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\uff0c\u7531\u591c\u9ece<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\uff08\u6839\u64da\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u5275\u7528 CC BY 4.0 \u8072\u660e<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong><11> The Muscular System  \u2014 11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems<\/a>
\u7d22\u5f15\u50b3\u9001\u9580\uff1a<\/strong>
\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b782e\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\u9762<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ae0\u7bc0\u76ee\u6a19<\/strong><\/span><\/div>
\n

\u5b78\u7fd2\u672c\u7bc0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u6bd4\u8f03\u4e3b\u52d5\u808c\u3014agonist\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u62ee\u6297\u808c\u3014antagonist\u3015<\/small><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u63cf\u8ff0\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u5167\u808c\u675f\u7684\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u89e3\u91cb\u808c\u8089\u5167\u301d\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u6536\u7e2e\u7522\u751f\u529b\u301e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u70ba\u4e86\u79fb\u52d5\u9aa8\u9abc\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u4e2d\u301d\u7e96\u7dad\u6536\u7e2e\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u301e\u88ab\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u808c\u8171\u3002 \u808c\u8171\u662f\u7531\u7dfb\u5bc6\u3001\u898f\u5247\u7684\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5805\u56fa\u5e36\uff0c\u5c07\u808c\u8089\u8207\u9aa8\u982d\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u9aa8\u6027\u9023\u7d50\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u9ad4\u5167\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u70ba\u4e86\u62c9\u52d5\u9aa8\u982d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6539\u8b8a\u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u79fb\u52d5\u9aa8\u9abc\uff0c\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u9644\u8457\u5728\u9aa8\u9abc\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u9644\u8457\u5728\u88ab\u62c9\u52d5\u7684\u9aa8\u982d\u4e0a\u7684\u301d\u808c\u8089\u53ef\u79fb\u52d5\u7aef\u301e\u7a31\u70ba\u808c\u8089\u7684\u6b62\u9ede<\/strong>\u3014insertion\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u9644\u8457\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\uff08\u7a69\u5b9a\uff09\u9aa8\u982d\u4e0a\u7684\u301d\u808c\u8089\u7aef\u301e\u7a31\u70ba\u8d77\u9ede<\/strong>\u3014origin\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/span> \u5728\u524d\u81c2\u5c48\u66f2<\/strong>\u3014flexion\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u5f4e\u66f2\u8098\u90e8\uff09\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u80b1\u6a48\u808c\u3014brachioradialis\u3015<\/small>\u5354\u52a9\u80b1\u808c\u3014brachialis\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u8a31\u591a\u808c\u8089\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u808c\u8089\u7a31\u70ba\u539f\u52d5\u808c<\/strong>\u3014prime mover\u3015<\/small>\u6216\u4e3b\u52d5\u808c<\/strong>\u3014agonist\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u8209\u8d77\u676f\u5b50\uff0c\u80b1\u4e8c\u982d\u808c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u539f\u52d5\u808c\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u80b1\u808c\u7684\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80b1\u808c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5354\u540c\u808c<\/strong>\u3014synergist\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u571611.2\uff09\u3002 \u5354\u540c\u808c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u808c<\/strong>\u3014fixator\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u7a69\u5b9a\u9aa8\u982d\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u539f\u52d5\u808c\u8d77\u9ede\u7684\u9644\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"
    \u5716 11.2 \u539f\u52d5\u808c\u8207\u5354\u540c\u808c<\/strong>
    \u80b1\u4e8c\u982d\u808c\u5f4e\u66f2\u4e0b\u81c2\u3002 \u301d\u524d\u81c2\u7684\u80b1\u6a48\u808c\u301e\u548c\u301d\u4e0a\u81c2\u4e8c\u982d\u808c\u6df1\u8655\u7684\u80b1\u808c\u301e\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5354\u540c\u808c\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u8207\u539f\u52d5\u808c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u808c\u8089\u7a31\u200b\u200b\u70ba\u62ee\u6297\u808c<\/strong>\u3014antagonist\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u62ee\u6297\u808c\u5728\u808c\u8089\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5b83\u5011\u4fdd\u6301\u8eab\u9ad4\u6216\u80a2\u9ad4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f38\u51fa\u624b\u81c2\u6216\u7ad9\u76f4\uff1b \uff082\uff09\u5b83\u5011\u63a7\u5236\u5feb\u901f\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u7a7a\u62f3\u7df4\u7fd2\u3014shadow boxing\u3015<\/small>\u4e2d\u4e00\u6a23\u7121\u9700\u843d\u5be6\u7684\u62f3\u64ca\uff0c\u6216\u6aa2\u67e5\u80a2\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u4f38\u5c55\u819d\u84cb\uff0c\u5927\u817f\u524d\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7a31\u70ba\u80a1\u56db\u982d\u808c\u3014quadriceps femoris\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u56db\u584a\u808c\u8089\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff08\u4e26\u4e14\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u819d\u84cb\u4f38\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u808c\uff09\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5f4e\u66f2\u819d\u95dc\u7bc0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e00\u7d44\u76f8\u53cd\u6216\u62ee\u6297\u7684\u808c\u8089\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u8195\u7e69\u808c\u3014hamstrings\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6b63\u5982\u4f60\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u4e5f\u6703\u88ab\u985b\u5012\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c07\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u8996\u70ba\u819d\u84cb\u5f4e\u66f2\uff0c\u5247\u8195\u7e69\u808c\u5c07\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u4e3b\u52d5\u808c\uff0c\u80a1\u56db\u982d\u808c\u5c07\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u62ee\u6297\u808c\u3002 \u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u52d5\u808c\u548c\u62ee\u6297\u808c\u7684\u5217\u8868\u898b\u886811.1<\/span> \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e3b\u52d5\u808c<\/strong><\/th>\u62ee\u6297\u808c<\/strong><\/th>\u52d5\u4f5c<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u80b1\u4e8c\u982d\u808c\uff1a\u4f4d\u65bc\u624b\u81c2\u7684\u524d\u5ba4<\/td>\u80b1\u4e09\u982d\u808c\uff1a\u4f4d\u65bc\u624b\u81c2\u5f8c\u5ba4<\/td>\u80b1\u4e8c\u982d\u808c\u5f4e\u66f2\u524d\u81c2\uff0c\u800c\u80b1\u4e09\u982d\u808c\u5247\u4f38\u5c55\u524d\u81c2\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
    \u8195\u7e69\u808c\uff1a\u5927\u817f\u5f8c\u5ba4\u7684\u4e09\u584a\u808c\u8089<\/td>\u80a1\u56db\u982d\u808c\uff1a\u5927\u817f\u524d\u5ba4\u7684\u56db\u584a\u808c\u8089<\/td>\u8195\u7e69\u808c\u5f4e\u66f2\u817f\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u80a1\u56db\u982d\u808c\u5247\u4f38\u5c55\u817f\u90e8\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
    \u5c48\u6307\u6dfa\u808c\u548c\u5c48\u6307\u6df1\u808c\uff1a\u4f4d\u65bc\u524d\u81c2\u7684\u524d\u5ba4<\/td>\u4f38\u6307\u808c\uff1a\u4f4d\u65bc\u524d\u81c2\u5f8c\u5ba4<\/td>\u5c48\u6307\u6dfa\u808c\u548c\u5c48\u6307\u6df1\u808c\u5f4e\u66f2\u624b\u8155\u8655\u7684\u624b\u6307\u548c\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u6307\u4f38\u808c\u5247\u4f38\u5c55\u624b\u8155\u8655\u7684\u624b\u6307\u548c\u624b\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
    \u8868 11.1 \u4e3b\u52d5\u808c\u8207\u62ee\u6297\u808c\u7684\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u5c0d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u4e0d\u6703\u62c9\u52d5\u9aa8\u9abc\u9032\u884c\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/span> \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u81c9\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\u7684\u808c\u8089\u3002 \u81c9\u90e8\u808c\u8089\u7684\u6b62\u9ede\u548c\u8d77\u9ede\u90fd\u5728\u76ae\u819a\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u67d0\u4e9b\u500b\u9ad4\u808c\u8089\u6536\u7e2e\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5fae\u7b11\u6216\u76ba\u7709\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u8072\u97f3\u6216\u55ae\u8a5e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63da\u8d77\u7709\u6bdb\u3002 \u820c\u982d\u4e0a\u9084\u6709\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c3f\u9053\u5916\u62ec\u7d04\u808c\u3014external urinary sphincters\u3015<\/small>\u548c\u809b\u9580\u62ec\u7d04\u808c\u3014anal sphincters\u3015<\/small>\u5206\u5225\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e3b\u8abf\u7bc0\u6392\u5c3f\u548c\u6392\u4fbf\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6a6b\u8188\u819c\u6536\u7e2e\u548c\u653e\u9b06\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u80f8\u819c\u8154\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u6703\u79fb\u52d5\u9aa8\u9abc\u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \u65e5\u5e38\u9023\u63a5<\/strong><\/span><\/div>
    \n

    \u904b\u52d5\u548c\u4f38\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u904b\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u5148\u8b93\u808c\u8089\u71b1\u8eab\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u4f38\u5c55\u6703\u62c9\u52d5\u808c\u8089\u7e96\u7dad\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6d41\u5411\u301d\u6b63\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u808c\u8089\u301e\u7684\u8840\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u9069\u7576\u7684\u71b1\u8eab\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u640d\u50b7\u4e00\u4e9b\u808c\u8089\u7e96\u7dad\u6216\u62c9\u50b7\u808c\u8171\u3002<\/span> \u808c\u8171\u62c9\u50b7\uff08\u7121\u8ad6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5982\u4f55\uff09\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u816b\u8139\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6e1b\u5f31\uff1b \u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e2d\u5ea6\u5230\u91cd\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d7\u50b7\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4f7f\u4f60\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7121\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u95dc\u65bc\u301d\u808c\u8089\u7a7f\u904e\u95dc\u7bc0\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u52d5\u4f5c\u301e\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u904b\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u95dc\u7bc0\u5927\u591a\u662f\u6ed1\u6db2\u95dc\u7bc0\uff0c\u6ed1\u6db2\u95dc\u7bc0\u5728\u5169\u584a\u9aa8\u982d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u7bc0\u9593\u9699\u4e2d\u6709\u6ed1\u6db2\u3002 \u904b\u52d5\u548c\u4f38\u5c55\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u7522\u751f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/span> \u6ed1\u6db2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8584\u800c\u9ecf\u7684\u8584\u819c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u7a20\u5ea6\u3002 \u7576\u4f60\u9996\u5148\u7ad9\u8d77\u4f86\u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u6d3b\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u591a\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u95dc\u7bc0\u6703\u611f\u5230\u50f5\u786c\u3002 \u7d93\u904e\u9069\u7576\u7684\u4f38\u5c55\u548c\u71b1\u8eab\u5f8c\uff0c\u6ed1\u6db2\u7684\u9ecf\u7a20\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5be6\u73fe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u95dc\u7bc0\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u808c\u675f\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u88ab\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u652f\u67b6\u5305\u570d\u3002 \u6bcf\u6839\u808c\u7e96\u7dad\uff08\u7d30\u80de\uff09\u90fd\u88ab\u808c\u5167\u819c\u3014endomysium\u3015<\/small>\u8986\u84cb\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u808c\u8089\u88ab\u808c\u5916\u819c\u3014epimysium\u3015<\/small>\u8986\u84cb\u3002 \u7576\u4e00\u7d44\u808c\u7e96\u7dad\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u808c\u675f\u819c\u3014perimysium\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u7d50\u7de0\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u8986\u84cb\u7269 \u201c\u6346\u7d81\u3014bundled\u3015<\/small>\u201d \u70ba\u6574\u500b\u808c\u8089\u5167\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u5143\u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u6346\u7d81\u7684\u808c\u7e96\u7dad\u7d44\u7a31\u70ba\u808c\u675f<\/strong>\u3014fascicle\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/span> \u808c\u675f\u6392\u5217\u8207\u808c\u8089\u7522\u751f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6709\u95dc\uff1b \u5b83\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u808c\u8089\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7bc4\u570d\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u808c\u675f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u985e\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u808c\u675f\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5e73\u884c\u808c<\/strong>\u3014parallel muscles\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u808c\u675f\u8207\u808c\u8089\u7684\u9577\u8ef8\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u540c<\/span>\uff08\u5716 11.3\uff09\u3002 \u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u3002 \u4e00\u4e9b\u5e73\u884c\u808c\u662f\u6241\u5e73\u7247\u72c0\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u672b\u7aef\u64f4\u5f35\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u9644\u8457\u7269\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u5e73\u884c\u808c\u5448\u5713\u5f62\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u6216\u5169\u7aef\u6709\u808c\u8171\u3002 \u770b\u4f3c\u8c50\u6eff\u7684\u808c\u8089\uff0c\u5728\u808c\u8089\u7684\u4e2d\u90e8\u3001\u6b62\u9ede\u548c\u8d77\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5927\u584a\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u4e2d\u592e\u9ad4\u3014central body\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u808c\u8089\u8f03\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u662f\u808c\u8179<\/strong>\u3014belly\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u7576\u808c\u8089\u6536\u7e2e\u6642\uff0c\u6536\u7e2e\u7e96\u7dad\u6703\u5c07\u5176\u7e2e\u77ed\u70ba\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u51f8\u8d77\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f38\u5c55\u7136\u5f8c\u5f4e\u66f2\u80b1\u4e8c\u982d\u808c\uff1b \u4e2d\u9593\u5927\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u808c\u8179\uff08\u5716 11.4\uff09\u3002 \u7576\u5e73\u884c\u808c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d21\u9318\u5f62\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u808c\u8179\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u96a8\u8457\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5176\u8d77\u9ede\u548c\u6b62\u9ede\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u7d30\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u68ad\u72c0<\/strong>\u3014fusiform\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"
    \u5716 11.3 \u808c\u8089\u5f62\u72c0\u548c\u7e96\u7dad\u6392\u5217<\/strong>
    \u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4e03\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"
    \u5716 11.4 \u80b1\u4e8c\u982d\u808c\u808c\u8089\u6536\u7e2e<\/strong>
    \u808c\u8089\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5927\u584a\u7a31\u70ba\u808c\u8179\u3014belly\u3015\u3002 \u808c\u8171\u5f9e\u808c\u8179\u5169\u7aef\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u5c07\u808c\u8089\u8207\u9aa8\u982d\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f7f\u9aa8\u9abc\u80fd\u5920\u79fb\u52d5\u3002 \u4e8c\u982d\u808c\u7684\u808c\u8171\u9023\u63a5\u5230\u4e0a\u81c2\u548c\u524d\u81c2\u3002 (credit: Victoria Garcia)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u74b0\u72c0\u808c<\/strong>\u3014circular muscles\u3015<\/small>\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u62ec\u7d04\u808c\u3014sphincters\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u898b\u5716 11.3\uff09\u3002 \u7576\u5b83\u5011\u653e\u9b06\u6642\uff0c\u62ec\u7d04\u808c\u540c\u5fc3\u6392\u5217\u7684\u808c\u7e96\u7dad\u675f\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u958b\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u5b83\u5011\u6536\u7e2e\u6642\uff0c\u958b\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6703\u7e2e\u5c0f\u5230\u9589\u5408\u9ede\u3002<\/span> \u53e3\u8f2a\u531d\u808c\u3014orbicularis oris muscle\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u570d\u7e5e\u53e3\u8154\u7684\u5713\u5f62\u808c\u8089\u3002 \u7576\u5b83\u6536\u7e2e\u6642\uff0c\u53e3\u8154\u958b\u53e3\u6703\u8b8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6485\u8d77\u5634\u5507\u5439\u53e3\u54e8\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u773c\u8f2a\u531d\u808c\u3014orbicularis oculi\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u6bcf\u96bb\u773c\u775b\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5169\u500b\u8f2a\u531d\u808c\u3014orbicularis muscles\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff08\u53e3\u8f2a\u531d\u808c\u548c\u773c\u8f2a\u531d\u808c\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u500b\u808c\u8089\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002 \u8f2a\u531d\u808c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0corb\uff08orb = \u201c\u5713\u5f62\u201d \uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5713\u5f62\u6216\u74b0\u5f62\u7d50\u69cb\uff1b \u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u4eba\u60f3\u5230\u8ecc\u9053\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6708\u7403\u7e5e\u5730\u7403\u904b\u884c\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u3002 oris\uff08oris = \u201c\u53e3\u8154\u201d \uff09\u4e00\u8a5e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53e3\u8154\u6216\u5634\u5df4\u3002 oculi\uff08ocular = \u201c\u773c\u775b\u201d \uff09\u4e00\u8a5e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u773c\u775b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5168\u8eab\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u808c\u8089\u4ee5\u5176\u5f62\u72c0\u6216\u4f4d\u7f6e\u547d\u540d\u3002 \u4e09\u89d2\u808c\u3014deltoid\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u4e00\u584a\u5927\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u808c\u8089\uff0c\u5176\u8986\u84cb\u4e86\u80a9\u8180\u3002 \u56e0\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b57\u6bcd delta \u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u800c\u5f97\u540d\u3002 \u8179\u76f4\u808c\u3014rectus abdominis\u3015<\/small>\uff08 rector = \u201c\u76f4\u3014straight\u3015<\/small>\u201d \uff09\u662f\u8179\u90e8\u524d\u58c1\u7684\u76f4\u808c\uff0c\u800c\u80a1\u76f4\u808c\u3014rectus femoris\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u5927\u817f\u524d\u5ba4\u7684\u76f4\u808c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7576\u4e00\u584a\u808c\u8089\u5728\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u5340\u57df\u5167\u5ee3\u6cdb\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u5f8c\u808c\u675f\u5230\u9054\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7684\u9644\u8457\u9ede\u6642\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u5c31\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u532f\u805a\u808c<\/strong>\u3014convergent\u3015<\/small><\/span>\u3002 \u6703\u805a\u808c\u7684\u9644\u8457\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u808c\u8171\u3001\u8171\u819c\u3014aponeurosis\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u5e73\u5766\u3001\u5bec\u95ca\u7684\u808c\u8171\uff09\u6216\u7e2b\u3014raphe\u3015<\/small>\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u7d30\u9577\u7684\u808c\u8171\uff09\u3002 \u80f8\u90e8\u7684\u5927\u808c\u8089\u2014\u2014\u80f8\u5927\u808c\u3014pectoralis major\u3015<\/small>\u2014\u2014\u662f\u532f\u805a\u808c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u900f\u904e\u808c\u8171\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u80b1\u9aa8\u5927\u7d50\u7bc0\u4e0a\u3002 \u9871\u9aa8\u7684\u9873\u808c\u3014temporalis muscle\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7fbd\u72c0\u808c<\/strong>\u3014pennate muscles\u3015<\/small>\uff08penna =\u201c\u7fbd\u6bdb\u3014feathers\u3015<\/small>\u201d\uff09\u878d\u5165\u808c\u8171\uff0c\u5176\u8cab\u7a7f\u808c\u8089\u6574\u500b\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u7fbd\u6bdb\u7684\u7fbd\u8396\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u7684\u6392\u5217\u8207\u7fbd\u6bdb\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/span> \u7531\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u7fbd\u72c0\u808c\u4e2d\u7684\u808c\u7e96\u7dad\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u89d2\u5ea6\u62c9\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6536\u7e2e\u7fbd\u72c0\u808c\u4e0d\u6703\u5c07\u808c\u8171\u79fb\u52d5\u5f88\u9060\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7fbd\u72c0\u808c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7d0d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u808c\u8089\u7e96\u7dad\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u3002 \u7fbd\u72c0\u808c\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e9e\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u55ae\u7fbd\u72c0\u808c<\/strong>\u3014unipennate muscle\u3015<\/small>\u4e2d\uff0c\u808c\u675f\u4f4d\u65bc\u808c\u8171\u7684\u4e00\u5074\u3002 \u524d\u81c2\u7684\u4f38\u6307\u808c\u3014extensor digitorum\u3015<\/small>\u662f\u55ae\u7fbd\u72c0\u808c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u96d9\u7fbd\u72c0\u808c<\/strong>\u3014bipennate muscle\u3015<\/small>\u7684\u808c\u8171\u5169\u5074\u90fd\u6709\u808c\u675f\u3002 \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7fbd\u72c0\u808c\u4e2d\uff0c\u808c\u7e96\u7dad\u7e8f\u7e5e\u808c\u8171\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u808c\u675f\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u591a\u7fbd\u72c0<\/strong>\u3014multipennate\u3015<\/small>\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u80a9\u90e8\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u808c\u3014deltoid muscle\u3015<\/small>\uff0c\u5b83\u8986\u84cb\u80a9\u90e8\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u808c\u8171\u63d2\u5165\u80b1\u9aa8\u4e09\u89d2\u808c\u7d50\u7bc0\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7531\u65bc\u808c\u675f\uff0c\u591a\u7fbd\u72c0\u808c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5982\u4e09\u89d2\u808c\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4f86\u6539\u8b8a\u62c9\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7576\u4e09\u89d2\u808c\u6536\u7e2e\u6642\uff0c\u624b\u81c2\u6703\u5916\u5c55\uff08\u9060\u96e2\u77e2\u72c0\u9762\u4e2d\u7dda\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u50c5\u523a\u6fc0\u524d\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u624b\u81c2\u6703\u5916\u5c55\u4e26\u5f4e\u66f2\uff08\u5728\u80a9\u95dc\u7bc0\u8655\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52d5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u808c\u8089\u548c\u9aa8\u982d\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u69d3\u687f\u7cfb\u7d71<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u5b83\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u904b\u4f5c\u3002 \u808c\u8089\u6839\u64da\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u6210\u5c0d\u6392\u5217\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u9644\u8457\u5728\u9aa8\u9abc\u9aa8\u982d\u4e0a\u7684\u808c\u8089\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9023\u7d50\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7bc4\u570d\u3002 <\/span>\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u808c\u8089\u548c\u9aa8\u9abc\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7d44\u7e54\u3014general organization\u3015<\/small>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u9aa8\u9abc\u548c\u808c\u8089\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4f86\u79fb\u52d5\u8eab\u9ad4\u3002 \u4f60\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u7d93\u4f7f\u7528\u9318\u5b50\u80cc\u9762\u5f9e\u6728\u982d\u4e0a\u53d6\u4e0b\u91d8\u5b50\uff1f \u624b\u67c4\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u69d3\u687f\uff0c\u939a\u982d\u5145\u7576\u652f\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5411\u5f8c\u62c9\u6216\u5411\u4e0b\u63a8\u624b\u67c4\u6642\u65bd\u52a0\u529b\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u9ede\u3002 \u65bd\u52a0\u5230\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u662f\u62c9\u52d5\u6216\u63a8\u52d5\u624b\u67c4\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\u91d8\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u624b\u67c4\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u6216 \u201c\u963b\u529b\u3014resistance\u3015<\/small>\u201d \u3002 \u6211\u5011\u7684\u808c\u8089\u9aa8\u9abc\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u9aa8\u982d\u662f\u5805\u786c\u7684\u69d3\u687f\uff0c\u9aa8\u982d\u7684\u95dc\u7bc0\u672b\u7aef\u2014\u2014\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u6ed1\u819c\u95dc\u7bc0\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u5145\u7576\u652f\u9ede\u3002 \u8ca0\u8377\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u88ab\u8209\u8d77\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u5c0d\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u963b\u529b\uff08\u7576\u4f60\u62ac\u8d77\u982d\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u982d\u90e8\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8ca0\u8377\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u6216\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u529b\u4f86\u81ea\u6536\u7e2e\u7684\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n


    \n\n\n\n

    \u66f4\u65b0\u7d00\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2024\/04\/15 \u767c\u4f48\u672c\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n

    \u2190\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u5b78\u5b8c\u672c\u7bc0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\uff1a
    \n\u00b7 \u6bd4\u8f03\u4e3b\u52d5\u808c\u548c\u62ee\u6297\u808c
    \n\u00b7 \u63cf\u8ff0\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u5167\u808c\u675f\u7684\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f
    \n\u00b7 \u89e3\u91cb\u808c\u8089\u5167\u301d\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u6536\u7e2e\u7522\u751f\u529b\u301e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lc_iscn_info":[],"swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8203"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8203"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8265,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8203\/revisions\/8265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wilback.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}